Internal Forces and Climate

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Presentation transcript:

Internal Forces and Climate

I. Introduction

I. Introduction Erosion rate: 14 cm per 1000 years

I. Introduction Erosion rate: 4 cm per 1000 years, or 0.000131 ft/yr Rate x Time = Distance

I. Introduction Erosion rate: 4 cm per 1000 years, or 0.000131 ft/yr Rate x Time = Distance .000131 ft * Time = 20,000 ft yr Time = ???

I. Introduction Erosion rate: 4 cm per 1000 years, or 0.000131 ft/yr Rate x Time = Distance .000131 ft * Time = 20,000 ft yr Time = 152 million years

I. Introduction Erosion rate: 4 cm per 1000 years, or 0.000131 ft/yr Rate x Time = Distance .000131 ft * Time = 20,000 ft yr Time = 152 million years

II. The endogenic effect A. Overview

II. The endogenic effect “The difference between the two masses represent a balance in endogenic mechanics” A. Overview

Archimede’s Principle: An object is immersed in a fluid is buoyed up by a force equal to the weight of the fluid displaced by the object.

II. The endogenic effect Epeirogeny “uplift or depression on a regional scale, with minimal disruption of original rock structure” e.g.: isostacy

C. Orogeny and Tectonic Geomorphology

D. Volcanism

Two overlying controls: Silicon content of magma Temperature of magma D. Volcanism Two overlying controls: Silicon content of magma Temperature of magma

1. Lava Plains and Plateaus D. Volcanism 1. Lava Plains and Plateaus

Lava Plains and Plateaus 2. Shield Volcanoes D. Volcanism Lava Plains and Plateaus 2. Shield Volcanoes

Shield volcanoes Tall volcanoes –3 or 4 miles tall Wide base – Diameter of ten of miles

Mauna Loa, HI

Mauna Loa, HI

Lava Plains and Plateaus Shield Volcanoes 3. Cindercone Volcanoes D. Volcanism Lava Plains and Plateaus Shield Volcanoes 3. Cindercone Volcanoes

Cinder cones Short, narrow cone, Steep sides Violent eruptions

Lassen Volcanic National Park, CA

Lassen Volcanic National Park, CA

D. Volcanism Lava Plains and Plateaus Shield Volcanoes Cindercone Volcanoes 4. Composite Volcanoes

Composite or stratovolcanoes – Tall volcanoes – 1 to 2 miles high Violent eruptions

Mayon Volcano, Phillippines

Mt. St. Helens, WA

III. Climatic Geomorphology A. Overview “Examine the relationship between landforms and climate”

CLIMATE-PROCESS SYSTEM

MORPHOGENETIC SYSTEM

III. Climatic Geomorphology Overview Geomorphic Response “response time”

III. Climatic Geomorphology Overview Geomorphic Response “response time”

Milankovitch Cycles – Eccentricity Precession (wobble) Tilt

400,000 years of change Note how climate slowly cools going into a glacial period. Then rapidly warms at the end. But quickly starts cooling again.

Will There Be Another Glaciation? Are we living in an interglacial (will ice return)? Very likely. Interglacials last ~10,000 years. It has been ~11,000 years since the last deglaciation. A cool period (1300–1850) resulted in the Little Ice Age.