Canals Road Steam Ships Locomotives Transport Revolution Canals Road Steam Ships Locomotives

Canals: Easier to transport heavy goods James Brindley (engineer) built viaduct, for Duke of Waterway, to transport coal to Manchester. Grand Canal: Dublin to Shannon, carried passengers.

Roads: Changes: Better roads: Turnpike Roads & Tolls Problems: James Metcalf solid foundations John McAdam Rough Stone chippings Thomas Telford Drainage ditches Turnpike Roads & Tolls Stage coaches: Public coaches pulled by 4 horses Mail Coaches: Express coaches to transport mail Charles Bianconi: ‘long car’ pulled by horses (1815) Public transport between smaller towns Problems: Long journeys Bad roads: pot holes, muck, dust. Quicker to walk journeys.

Steam Ships Ships depended a lot on weather to sail Steam Power changed this (James Watt) 1st steam engine ship: (1786) Hudson River, New York By 1815, steam ships regularly crossing Irish sea By 1850s steam ships replaced sailing ships

Locomotives: End of 1700s, steam driven wagon invented to drive on roads = too heavy for road 1804 Richard Trevithick adapted this design to run on rails 1825 George Stephenson built first railway between Stockton & Darlington.

George Stephenson and railway competition: Competition held to see if locomotive of horse drawn cart better to transport goods on the railway. Stephenson entered his locomotive Rocket Rocket won competition = railway would use locomotives to transport goods. First Irish railway built in 1834, between Dublin city and Dun Laoghire

The effects of the Railway: Fast and cheap transport Heavy goods transported quickly over long distances Boosted coal mining, iron and steel industries Boosted tourism and movement of people Fresh Food transported to cities faster Created employment Led to decline in the use of canals and roads

Samuel Morse (1791 – 1872)