The Industrial Revolution The Industrial Revolution starts in England and soon spreads to other countries.

Industrial Revolution Begins in Britain New Ways of Working Industrial Revolution—greatly increases output of machine-made goods. Revolution begins in England in the middle 1700s. Industrialization—move to machine production of goods

Origins Agricultural revolution Horse and steel plow Fertilizer use Yields improved 300% 1700-1850 Growth of foreign trade for manufactured goods Foreign colonies Increase in ships and size Successful wars and foreign conquest

Origins – Why England? Factors in England No civil strife Government favored trade Laissez faire Large middle class Island geography Mobile population Everyone lived within 20 miles of navigable river Tradition of experimental science Weak guilds

Cottage Industry: aka the “Putting Out” System or the Domestic System You produce goods in your own home!

New Industries of the Industrial Revolution The Agricultural Industry The Textile Industry Steam & Steel Transportation Technology (Electricity)

1. The Agricultural Industry

The Agricultural Revolution paves the way Enclosures—large farm fields enclosed by fences or hedges Wealthy landowners buy, enclose land once owned by village farmers. Enclosures allowed experimentation with new agricultural methods

Industrial Revolution Begins in Britain Rotating Crops Crop rotation—switching crops each year to avoid depleting soil Livestock breeders allow only the best to breed, improve food supply. Don’t need as many farm workers as in the past! Satellite image of rotated crops in Kansas in June 2001

2: The Textile industry

Changes in the Textile Industry Weavers work faster with flying shuttles and spinning jennies Water frame uses water power to drive spinning wheels

Spinning Yarn Before

“Spinning Jenny” James Hargreaves (1767) After “Spinning Jenny” James Hargreaves (1767)

Richard Arkwright: “Pioneer of the Factory System”

John Kay’s “Flying Shuttle”

The Power Loom Edmund Cartwright (1785)

The Cotton Gin: Eli Whitney (1793)

Spinning Jenny

3. Steam and Iron

James Watt’s Steam Engine

Steam Tractor

Steam Ship (1776)

John Wilksinson: Ironmaster 1728-1808 The Great Staffordshire Bridge Iron Barge (ship)

4. CHANGES IN TRANSPORTATION

The Steam Locomotive Richard Trevithick The London Steam Carriage

Richard Trevithick continued… 1804 Locomotive “Catch-Me-Who-Can” 1808

An Early Steam Locomotive

Later Locomotives

The Impact of the Railroad

5. Technology

Alessandro Volta built one of the first batteries Alessandro Volta built one of the first batteries. He was one of the first people to learn about electricity.

Alexander Graham Bell invented the telephone Alexander Graham Bell invented the telephone. He hoped people would answer the phone and say “ahoy” instead of “hello”

Thomas Edison is credited with inventing the light bulb Thomas Edison is credited with inventing the light bulb. We can now stay up past sunset!