CARBOHYDRATES L3 Biology

Carbs – some facts Examples Sugars, starch, cellulose, glycogen, chitin Composition Carbohydrates C H20 1 : 2 : 1 Carbon, Hydrogen and Oxygen in a 1:2:1 ratio

Carb? C6H12O6 Galactose

STATION 1: The Floating Can Mountain Dew contains 46 grams of carbohydrate (sugar). > DENSE THAN H20! -SINKS- Diet Mountain Dew contains 0 grams of carbohydrate. W/gas = < DENSE THAN H2o! -FLOATS- NYC CAMPAIGN

STATION 2: Same Formula + Different Structure = Different Molecule! Glucose: C6H12O6 Fructose: C6H12O6 Same Molecule? Same Taste? NO! Different Properties!!

Carbs – Simple Sugars C6H12O6 Root for carb unit = saccharide ISOMERS Single carb unit = monoSACCHARIDE = monomer Sugars end in -OSE GLUCOSE FRUCTOSE C C C C C C C C C

Carbs – Simple Sugars Root for carbs = saccharide Double carb unit = DIsaccharides SUCROSE FRUCTOSE GLUCOSE

Carbs – Simple Sugars Root for carbs = saccharide Double carb unit = Disaccharides SUCROSE – TABLE SUGAR H2O

STATION 3: Energy Drinks Better for energy? Better for taste? Gatorade = SUCROSE & DEXTROSE(GLUCOSE!) Powerade = FRUCTOSE SUCROSE GLUCOSE FRUCTOSE

STATION 3: Energy Drinks HYDROLYSIS Better for energy? Better for taste? Gatorade = SUCROSE & DEXTROSE(GLUCOSE!) Powerade = FRUCTOSE SUCROSE GLUCOSE FRUCTOSE MUST BE REARRANGED

STATION 3: Energy Drinks Better for energy? Better for taste? Gatorade = SUCROSE & DEXTROSE(GLUCOSE!) Powerade = FRUCTOSE SUCROSE GLUCOSE FRUCTOSE

Carbs – Complex Root for carbs = saccharide Multiple carb units = POLYsaccharides Ex/ Starch – breads, potatoes, crackers POLYsaccharides = POLYmers Many repeating units of…monosacchari des. Starch

STATION 4: Crackers & Candy How did they taste? Candy = “Sweet” Mono and Disaccharides SIMPLE SUGARS. They taste sweet! Cracker = “Bread, “Starchy” Polysaccharides COMPLEX SUGARS Do not taste sweet. Cracker sweetens as enzymes break down Polysaccharides into Simple sugars. REACTION = HYDROLYSIS

STATION 5: Mushrooms, grassshoppers and lobsters STATION 5: Mushrooms, grassshoppers and lobsters. Carbs – they’re not just sugar Multiple carb units = POLYsaccharides Starch, Cellulose, Glycogen, Chitin Chitin – found in mushrooms, lobsters and insects!

Carbs – Complex Root for carbs = saccharide Cellulose = fiber Not digested Multiple carb units = POLYsaccharides Starch, Cellulose, Glycogen, Chitin Glycogen = short term energy storage Starch

STATION 6: Carb Reactions YOUR TURN TO TEACH THE CLASS!

Do Now: 1) Review the Dehydration Synthesis for Carbohydrates sheet. 2) Work w/a partner On scrap paper draw 3 glucose molecules coming together to form a polysaccharide. What reaction takes place? How many water molecules must come out? 3) Add another molecule of glucose to the end of your polysaccharide. How many additional water molecules must come out? 4) If 221 glucose molecules came together – how many total water molecules would have been removed?

Closing Carbohydrates Fructose = C6H12O6 and glucose = C6H12O6, then what is the chemical formula of sucrose? Do your calculation! C12H22O11