KC 5.4: Global Migration Period 5: 1750-1900
Migration in many cases was influenced by changes in demography in both industrialized & un-industrialized societies that presented challenges to existing patterns of living
Changes in food production & improved medical conditions contributed to a significant global rise in population
Because of the nature of new modes of transportation, both internal & external migrants increasingly relocated to cities This pattern contributed to the significant global urbanization of the 19th Century
Migrants (manual laborers, specialized professionals) relocated for a variety of reasons
Many individual chose freely to relocate, often in search of work
The new global capitalist economy continued to rely on coerced & semicoerced labor migration Slavery Chinese & Indian Indentured Servitude Convict Labor
While many migrants permanently relocated, a significant number of temporary & seasonal migrants returned to their home societies Japanese agricultural workers in the Pacific Lebanese merchants in the Americas Italians in Argentina
The large-scale nature of migration, especially in the The large-scale nature of migration, especially in the 19th century, produced a variety of consequences & reaction to the increasingly diverse societies on the part of migrants & the existing populations
Due to the physical nature of the labor in demand, migrants tended to be male, leaving women to take on new roles in the home society that had been formerly occupied by men
Migrants often created ethnic enclaves in different parts of the world which helped transplant their culture into new environments & facilitated the development of migrant support networks Chinese in Southeast Asia, Caribbean, South America, North America Washington, D.C. Chinatown Indians in East & Southern Africa, the Caribbean, & Southeast Asia
Receiving societies did not always embrace immigrants, as seen in the various degrees of ethnic & racial prejudice & the ways states attempted to regulate the increased flow of people across their borders Chinese Exclusion Act White Australia Policy