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Non-importation Agreements a form of protest against British policies colonial merchants refused to import British goods

Virtual Representation the British argument that the American colonies were represented in Parliament, since the members of Parliament represented all Englishmen in the empire

Whig Ideology idea that concentrated power leads to corruption and tyranny

Writs of Assistance general search warrants used by Britain in an effort to prevent smuggling in the American colonies

"No Taxation Without Representation" the assertion that Great Britain had no right to tax the American colonies as long as they were not represented in the British Parliament

The Constitution: The Great Compromise Virginia Plan called for two houses controlled by population New Jersey Plan wanted one house with equal representation a bicameral legislature with one house controlled by population the other with two representatives from each state

The Constitution: The 3/5 Compromise Southern states wanted to count their slaves to gain more representation a slave would count as 3/5 of a person helped determine representatives in the House

The Constitution: Executive Elections Some delegates thought it should be a popular vote Others thought that people could not be trusted with such a big decision electoral college

Separation of Powers three separate branches: checks and balances: executive: headed by the President judicial: the Supreme Court and the lower federal courts legislative: the Senate and the House of Representatives checks and balances: no one branch can gain absolute power

Ratification Anti-Federalists The Federalists national government had too much power no bill of rights national government could maintain an army in peacetime Congress had too much power The Federalists separation of powers kept the government branches equal The Articles of Confederation were weak and ineffective

Article 1: Legislative Branch House of Representatives: members serve 2-yr terms representatives based on population where all revenue bills originate

Article 1 continued Senate: members serve 6-yr terms two senators from each state chosen by state legislatures the vice-president is the president ratifies treaties

Article 1 continued President's veto can be overridden with 2/3 vote of both houses Congress: collect taxes regulate foreign and interstate commerce coin money establish post offices declare war raise army/navy cannot suspend writ of habeas corpus

Article 2: Executive Branch President: serves 4-yr term elected by electors from each state commander-in-chief of army, navy, and state militias makes treaties and appointments for ambassadors, executive departments, and Supreme Court