Welcome to Explore! Ice Worlds Sharing The International Polar Year Through Library and After-School Program Networks

Why Are We Here Today? To explore activities and resources to bring the International Polar Year into children’s programs

Explore! Ice Worlds On line - http://www.lpi.usra.edu/education/explore/ice/activities/ 3 modules of multiple activities stand alone or together – use as you see fit! Materials list, Book and Web Resources Background Information and scientist’s talks Tied to National Science Education Standards Tested in library and after-school programs

Today Properties of Ice Different Ices in the Solar System Some Unexpected Places Ice May Exist Next Time How and where and why we look for ice in the solar system Ice on Earth

Let’s Get Started! Lots to Cover Fast pace Join us! Interactive!!!!

Module 1: All About Ice Ice Bingo: An Ice Breaker Activity An Ice Magic Show Around the Block: An Ice Tour That’s a N(ice) Temperature The Melting Point Amazing Expanding Ice Tip of the Iceberg Flubber Flows

Have you ever … Made a snowperson? Thrown a snowball? Gone ice fishing? Gotten your tongue stuck on ice? Had an ice cube tray “overflow?” Slipped on ice?

One way to get children started… what are their experiences with ice?

States of Water: A Snow Mobile Connecting the Content Across the Activities What do you know about water and how it behaves?

And Now, At no additional charge … An Ice Magic Show!

An Ice Magic Show Water exists in different states: Liquid – water Solid – ice Gas – steam Heating and cooling cause it to change states

Around the Block: An Ice Tour What do you observe about ice? Investigator Journal!

What happens when you put salt on ice? The Melting Point What happens when you put salt on ice?

The Melting Point Why? Salt causes the ice to melt faster. Salt (and other substances) lowers the freezing point of water -- the water has to be colder to freeze The ice melts at colder temperatures

That’s a N(ice) Temperature What is the melting temperature of ice? What is the freezing temperature of water?

Amazing Expanding Ice What happens to water when you freeze it? How does it change?

Overnight Activity! As ice is less dense than water, what happens when it is placed in water?

The Tip of the Iceberg Which is less dense - water or ice? What will happen when the ice from the last activity is placed in a bowl of water? http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Image:WindowInIceberg.jpg Public Domain Photograph by: Jeffrey Kietzmann, National Science Foundation. Taken near the Antarctic Peninsula, September 2002. Source: Antarctic Photo Library, U.S. Antarctic Program, http://photolibrary.usap.gov/Portscripts/PortWeb.dll?query&field1=Filename&op1=matches&value=WINDOW.JPG&catalog=Antarctica&template=USAPgovMidThumbs

Based on what you learned, draw the top or bottom of these icebergs!

http://commons. wikimedia http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Image:Research_on_Iceberg_B-15A_by_Josh_Landis,_National_Science_Foundation_(Image_4)_(NSF).jpg Public Domain. Suggested Credit: Courtesy: National Science Foundation [via pingnews]. Additional information from source: The northern edge of the giant iceberg, B-15A, in the Ross Sea, Antarctica. http://www.nsf.gov/news/news_images.jsp?cntn_id=109759&org=LPA When a glacier with its "toe in the water" thins, a larger fraction of its weight is supported by water and it slides faster and calves more ice into the ocean at the glacier terminus. Credit: Nicolle Rager Fuller, National Science Foundation

Flubber Flows Ice is what state of water? How does it behave? It floats … http://www.uaf.edu/water/faculty/nolan/personal/McCall_Aug04/mccall_aug04.htm Image from Dr. Matt Nolan

1. Amundsen Scott South Pole Station sits on a giant sheet of ice that is over a mile and a half thick.

1996 1997 1998 4. Each pole marked by an arrow once stood over the geographic south pole. The geographic south pole is not moving … so why have the poles moved?

5. A valley glacier in Alaska 5. A valley glacier in Alaska. The dark stripes are bands of rock that mark where smaller glaciers have flowed into the larger glacier.

Time to Check the Flubber …

Qori Kallis Glacier in the Andes of Peru How has it changed? Predictions for 2010?

Connecting the Content Across the Activities States of Water: A Snow Mobile Connecting the Content Across the Activities Finish the Mobile!

Module 2: Ice in the Solar System Ice and Seek: What is Ice? Ice Zones: Where We Look for Ice Reflections on Ice: How We Look for Ice Ice Quest: Who is Looking for Ice Why Ice? Why We Look for Ice

Module 2: Ice in the Solar System Ice and Seek: What is Ice? Ice Zones: Where We Look for Ice Reflections on Ice: How We Look for Ice Ice Quest: Who is Looking for Ice Why Ice? Why We Look for Ice

Ice in the Solar System What is Ice? Ice and Seek! Where does it occur in our Solar system? Is the ice the same everywhere?

Mars Public Domaine Mars Northern Ice Cap From David Darling: Mars has ice caps at both its north and south poles. The perennial or permanent portion of the north polar cap consists almost entirely of water ice. In the northern hemisphere winter, this gains a seasonal coating of frozen carbon dioxide (dry ice) about one meter (three feet) thick. The south polar cap also aquires a thin frozen carbon dioxide coating in the southern hemisphere winter. Beneath this is the perennial south polar cap, which is in two layers. The top layer consists of frozen carbon dioxide and about 8 meters (27 feet) thick. The bottom layer is very much deeper and is made of water ice. Data collected by the Marsis radar instrument aboard Mars Express has indicated that enough water is locked up at Mars' south pole to cover the planet in a liquid layer 11 m (36ft) deep. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Image:Europa-moon.jpg Europa, as seen by the Galileo spacecraft. Original caption released with image (note only the left view is included here): This image shows two views of the trailing hemisphere of Jupiter's ice-covered satellite, Europa. The left image shows the approximate natural color appearance of Europa. The image on the right is a false-color composite version combining violet, green and infrared images to enhance color differences in the predominantly water-ice crust of Europa. Dark brown areas represent rocky material derived from the interior, implanted by impact, or from a combination of interior and exterior sources. Bright plains in the polar areas (top and bottom) are shown in tones of blue to distinguish possibly coarse-grained ice (dark blue) from fine-grained ice (light blue). Long, dark lines are fractures in the crust, some of which are more than 3,000 kilometers (1,850 miles) long. The bright feature containing a central dark spot in the lower third of the image is a young impact crater some 50 kilometers (31 miles) in diameter. This crater has been provisionally named "Pwyll" for the Celtic god of the underworld. Europa is about 3,160 kilometers (1,950 miles) in diameter, or about the size of Earth's moon. This image was taken on September 7, 1996, at a range of 677,000 kilometers (417,900 miles) by the solid state imaging television camera onboard the Galileo spacecraft during its second orbit around Jupiter. The image was processed by Deutsche Forschungsanstalt fuer Luftund Raumfahrt e.V., Berlin, Germany. Image source: http://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA00502 Mars

Europa Public Domaine Mars Northern Ice Cap From David Darling: Mars has ice caps at both its north and south poles. The perennial or permanent portion of the north polar cap consists almost entirely of water ice. In the northern hemisphere winter, this gains a seasonal coating of frozen carbon dioxide (dry ice) about one meter (three feet) thick. The south polar cap also aquires a thin frozen carbon dioxide coating in the southern hemisphere winter. Beneath this is the perennial south polar cap, which is in two layers. The top layer consists of frozen carbon dioxide and about 8 meters (27 feet) thick. The bottom layer is very much deeper and is made of water ice. Data collected by the Marsis radar instrument aboard Mars Express has indicated that enough water is locked up at Mars' south pole to cover the planet in a liquid layer 11 m (36ft) deep. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Image:Europa-moon.jpg Europa, as seen by the Galileo spacecraft. Original caption released with image (note only the left view is included here): This image shows two views of the trailing hemisphere of Jupiter's ice-covered satellite, Europa. The left image shows the approximate natural color appearance of Europa. The image on the right is a false-color composite version combining violet, green and infrared images to enhance color differences in the predominantly water-ice crust of Europa. Dark brown areas represent rocky material derived from the interior, implanted by impact, or from a combination of interior and exterior sources. Bright plains in the polar areas (top and bottom) are shown in tones of blue to distinguish possibly coarse-grained ice (dark blue) from fine-grained ice (light blue). Long, dark lines are fractures in the crust, some of which are more than 3,000 kilometers (1,850 miles) long. The bright feature containing a central dark spot in the lower third of the image is a young impact crater some 50 kilometers (31 miles) in diameter. This crater has been provisionally named "Pwyll" for the Celtic god of the underworld. Europa is about 3,160 kilometers (1,950 miles) in diameter, or about the size of Earth's moon. This image was taken on September 7, 1996, at a range of 677,000 kilometers (417,900 miles) by the solid state imaging television camera onboard the Galileo spacecraft during its second orbit around Jupiter. The image was processed by Deutsche Forschungsanstalt fuer Luftund Raumfahrt e.V., Berlin, Germany. Image source: http://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA00502 Europa

False color image of Europa

False color image of Europa

Water ice Carbon Dioxide ice

Water ice

Ice Zones – Where We Look for Ice What does water need in order to exist as ice? Where in the Solar System might we find this?

What does this picture show? Which planets are cold enough to have water ice at their surfaces?

Earth side facing the Sun should be really really really hot Side facing away should be really really really cold But they are not … why?

What about Mercury? Or the Moon? Atmospheres? Temperatures? Places where temperatures stay hot or cold?

Where is Earth warmest? Coldest? Why? Same for other planets?

Could a planet or moon close to the Sun (or even far away Could a planet or moon close to the Sun (or even far away!) have places that never get energy from the Sun? Where? How?

A Few Opportunities http://passporttoknowledge.com/polar-palooza/pp01.php Cleveland, Chicago, Salt Lake, Richmond, St. Louis, Boise, Denver … and more http://www.earthsky.org/article/international-polar-year

NASA and IPY http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/IPY/main/index.html http://www.ipy.gov/Default.aspx Articles, Blogs, Images, Video Clips, Educator Resources

Science Mission Directorate for generous funding of Explore! Ice Worlds Thanks NASA’s Science Mission Directorate for generous funding of Sharing The International Polar Year Through Library and After-School Program Networks

And Thanks To Our Reviewers! Ms. Nicole Betts, Henderson Elementary School, Houston Independent School, Houston, Texas Ms. Reggie Burns, Children's Library Specialist, Allen Public Library, Allen, Texas Ms. Beverly Kirkendall, Library Manager, Youth Services, Hurst Public Library, Hurst, TX Ms. Jeri Zitterkob, Western Plains Library System, Clinton, Oklahoma Emperor Penguins. Photo by Josh Landis, courtesy of the National Science Foundation.

And Thanks to You! http://www.ipy.org/index.php?/ipy/gallery_display/57/ Copyright: © U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service