Great Migration/Harlem Renaissance Mr. Williams 10th Grade U.S. History

Great Migration Beginning in 1910 many African Americans began moving to cities in the North from the South What were the push or pull factors of this movement?

Jim Crow Laws Create and enforce segregation in public places Many were put in place to keep African Americans from voting Literacy Tests Grandfather Clause Poll Tax

Plessy vs. Ferguson (1896) “Separate but Equal”

Ku Klux Klan Founded in the years after the Civil War by Confederate veterans Terrorized African Americans and whites who supported their rights Became very popular again in the 1920s. Why?

Push: Racism/Segregation, KKK, Lack of Economic Opportunity Pull: Factory Work (especially during WWI), Less Discrimination, Opportunity to play more of a role in Politics Result: Hundreds of thousands of African Americans move to cities like Chicago, New York, Philadelphia, etc.

NAACP Political Action Group that battled (and still does) against segregation and discrimination against minorities Main goals in the 1920s: Extend full suffrage to African Americans and end lynching

Marcus Garvey Universal Negro Improvement Association or UNIA Promoted pride in African Heritage without the help or influence of Whites “Back to Africa”

By 1920 about 200,000 African Americans lived in Harlem Became capital of African Culture in the United States African American arts movement in New York City called the Harlem Renaissance

Jazz Music style influenced by Dixieland blues and ragtime Louis Armstrong, Bessie Smith, Duke Ellington Renaissance brought international fame to African American Arts First time African American culture was accepted as “American”