Chapter 1, Section 1 The Roots of Greek Democracy (page 8-17) Acropolis-Athens, Greece, 2006

California State Standards 10.1.1: Analyze the similarities and differences in Judeo-Christian and Greco- Roman views of law, reason and faith, and duties of the individual. 10.1.2: Trace the development of the Western political ideas of the rule of law and illegitimacy of tyranny, using selections from Plato’s Republic and Aristotle’s Politics.

Vocabulary city-state monarchy Sparta Athens democracy tyrant legislature Pericles jury Socrates Plato Aristotle

Ch1, Sec 1 BQ 1. Describe a Greek polis. 2. Describe the evolution of government in Greece between 750 and 500b.c. 3. How did iron weapons affect warfare during this period? 4. Compare and Contrast the city-states of Sparta and Athens. 5. Describe Athenian democracy/ economy under Pericles? 6. How long would the Peloponnesian war last and what was the result? 7. What does it mean to be a philosopher? 8. Who were the philosophers in ancient Greece? 9. What was the legacy of Alexander the Great?

Focus Question What ideas arose in Ancient Greece that contributed to the development of the modern World?

Ancient Greek City-States

The Rise of Greek City-States I. Physical Geography: a. Mountains and sea separated Greek city-states, b. each state independent. c. Greek colonies set up around Mediterranean by 750 B.C. ancient Greek urn at the Smithsonian

Parthanon

The Rise of Greek City-States II. Greek Polis(city-state): a. Each had- 1. acropolis(temple) 2. homes 3. market 4. public III. Government Evolution: a. monarchy- (king or queen) b. arisocracy (upper classes)- (good of society as well as themselves) c. oligarchy(upper classes)- (self-serving) d. tyrant(self serving)- (dictator, authoritarian ruler, individual) e. democracy(good of all)- (govt. of/by people, all participate) Greek theatre, Siracusa, Sicily 

The Rise of Democracy

Sparta vs Athens III. Competing Greek States Sparta – stern discipline; military state Athens – glorified the individual and extended political rights to more citizens; democracy Spartan Hoplite Athenian Hoplite

Athens in the Age of Pericles IV. The “Golden Age” of Democracy: Pericles, Athenian leader led direct democracy a. Made Athens a direct democracy – assembly and juries b. Citizens to participate in juries c. Athens became cultural center of Greece d. Funeral Oration – speech about Athenian government e. Economic and Cultural – rebuild Acropolis and honor the gods

Pericles

The Greek Philosophers V. Greek philosophers: a. Goal-discover universal truths & ethics b. discoveries by these philosophers to influence government in positive manner. c. c. Top philosophers- 1. Socrates 2. Plato 3. Aristotle Socrates Plato Aristotle

Socrates

The School of Plato

Key Idea of Plato VI. Plato: a. distrust of democracy (due to death of Socrates) b. reason (thinking, intellect) led to knowledge c. via rational thought, people can discover ethical principles, organize society d. state should regulate every aspect of citizen’s lives e. ideal society divided into three classes- 1. workers to produce product 2. soldiers to defend state 3. philosophers to rule f. ideal society based on ability vs wealth or birth

Key Ideas of Aristotle VII. Aristotle: a. preferred govt by the many (oligarchy/aristocracy) b. distructed democracy c. wanted constitution for stable/just rule d. rulers subject to rule of law e. despised tyranny

Front view of Alexander the Great statue in Thessoloniki, Greece. Alexandar the Great . Front view of Alexander the Great statue in Thessoloniki, Greece.

Alexander the Great

Alexandar and the Helenistic Civilization Alexander and the Hellenistic Age VII. Alexander the Great: a. Macedonian b. only lived 33 years c. tutored by Aristotle d. brought all of Greece under his control e. leading his army, he would control- 1. Greece 2. Asia Minor (Turkey) 3. Persia (Iran, Afghanistan, Pakistan) 4. Parts of N. Africa (Egypt, Tunisia) f. Goal to spread Greek culture g. encouraged inter-marriage with local peoples to encourage mixing of culture h. creation of “Hellenistic” civilization (empire) 1. Greek 2. Persian 3. Egyptian 4. Indian

Alexander the Great

Sample Questions For Tyranny is a kind of monarchy which has in view the kind of interest of the Monarch only...none of them the common good at all.” Aristotle Politics A. Based on the excerpt above Aristotle viewed monarchy as- 1. a government that is based on the rule of a few 2. a necessary use of government force 3. a type of government that does not serve the public interest 4. an unavoidable consequence of government

Sample Questions For Tyranny is a kind of monarchy which has in view the kind of interest of the Monarch only...none of them the common good at all.” Aristotle Politics A. Based on the excerpt above Aristotle viewed monarchy as- 1. a government that is based on the rule of a few 2. a necessary use of government force 3. a type of government that does not serve the public interest 4. an unavoidable consequence of government

Sample Questions B. Which phrase best describes Plato’s concept of ideal rulers? 1. bureacrats chosen based on their influence 2. soldiers appointed because of their strength 3. aristocrats appointed because of their status 4. philosophers chosen based on their wisdom

Sample Questions B. Which phrase best describes Plato’s concept of ideal rulers? 1. bureacrats chosen based on their influence 2. soldiers appointed because of their strength 3. aristocrats appointed because of their status 4. philosophers chosen based on their wisdom

Sample Questions He grows worse from having power...he becomes more jealous; more faithless, more unjust, more friendlesss, more impious,than he was at first. And the consequence is that...he makes everyone else as miserable as himself.” Plato Rebublic C. Which type of ruler did Plato describe in this passage? 1. democratic leader 2. constitutional monarch 3. oligarch 4. tyrant

Sample Questions He grows worse from having power...he becomes more jealous; more faithless, more unjust, more friendlesss, more impious,than he was at first. And the consequence is that...he makes everyone else as miserable as himself.” Plato Rebublic C. Which type of ruler did Plato describe in this passage? 1. democratic leader 2. constitutional monarch 3. oligarch 4. tyrant