10 LOOKING BACK KEY CONCEPTS SUMMARY CHAPTER 10 KEY CONCEPTS SUMMARY Humans use telescopes that gather energy from the entire EM spectrum to learn about objects in the Universe. Galileo first used a refracting telescope to gather and focus light 400 years ago. Astronomers use radio telescopes to collect radio waves emitted from distant stars and galaxies. High-energy EM radiation, such as gamma rays and X-rays, are being collected by the Chandra, INTEGRAL, and SWIFT space telescopes. LOOKING BACK

10 LOOKING BACK KEY CONCEPTS SUMMARY CHAPTER 10 KEY CONCEPTS SUMMARY Humans use space probes to learn more about the Solar System. Rovers have been exploring the surface of Mars and sending back information on Martian climate and geology since 2004. The Cassini spacecraft reached Saturn in 2004. Space probes have travelled to all of the planets in the Solar System, giving us valuable information about their composition. LOOKING BACK

10 LOOKING BACK KEY CONCEPTS SUMMARY CHAPTER 10 KEY CONCEPTS SUMMARY Canada is a world leader in developing technology for space exploration. Canada is partnering with many countries on projects such as the Mars Phoenix meteorological station, the ISS, the Square Kilometre Array telescope, and others. The Canadarm2 and DEXTRE are used on the space shuttle and the ISS to move things around in space. RADARSAT-1 and RADARSAT-2 satellites track features and climate change on Earth. LOOKING BACK

10 LOOKING BACK KEY CONCEPTS SUMMARY CHAPTER 10 KEY CONCEPTS SUMMARY The environment in space is hostile to living things. Astronauts in the ISS exercise to keep their bones and muscles strong. Scientists are always working on ways to protect astronauts from radiation, cold temperatures, and hostile environments in space. Humans need oxygen, food, and water to survive in space, so they must either take them with them or manufacture them on the way. When astronauts live and work in space, they are in continuous free fall around Earth. LOOKING BACK

10 LOOKING BACK KEY CONCEPTS SUMMARY CHAPTER 10 KEY CONCEPTS SUMMARY New technologies and information from the space program have benefited our everyday lives. Space technologies have led to advances in medical science. Consumer products have been improved with the aid of space program technologies. GPS satellites are used in conjunction with cellphones, computers, GPS receivers in vehicles, and many other applications. Weather satellites are continuously monitoring Earth’s environment. LOOKING BACK

10 LOOKING BACK KEY CONCEPTS SUMMARY CHAPTER 10 KEY CONCEPTS SUMMARY Space exploration is technically challenging and expensive. NASA, the CSA, and the European Space Agency have spent billions of dollars on space exploration. Spacecraft designers must address many challenges to safely take humans to their celestial destinations and back. Any new spacecraft launches must be calculated to avoid the thousands of pieces of space debris orbiting Earth. LOOKING BACK

QUIZ CHAPTER 10 MULTIPLE CHOICE For each question, select the best answer from the four alternatives. 1. Which of the following did Canada develop? (a) Canadarm (b) DEXTRE (c) Canadarm2 (d) all of the above 2. What is the minimum number of GPS satellites needed to calculate a location on Earth? (a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 4

QUIZ CHAPTER 10 MULTIPLE CHOICE For each question, select the best answer from the four alternatives. 3. The Moon and Mars are similar in which of the following ways? (a) They both have a layer of fine dust blanketing their surface. (b) They are both the same distance from Earth. (c) They are similar in size. (d) Astronauts have landed on both of them. 4. Which of the following does not monitor Earth’s environment? (a) RADARSAT (b) SCISAT (c) RADARSAT-2 (d) a GPS satellite

QUIZ CHAPTER 10 FILL IN THE BLANKS Copy each of the following statements into a notebook. Fill in the blanks with a term from the box below that correctly completes the sentence. 5. Although the first telescope was invented by Hans Lippershey, the first person to use a telescope to explore the night sky was _____________. 6. _____________ built the first reflecting telescope. 7. X-rays from distant celestial objects are not detectable on Earth’s surface because they are filtered out by our ______________. 8. The _____________ missions sent humans to the Moon. 9. The _________________ mission is on its way to Pluto. The _________________ spacecraft continues to orbit Saturn. 11. Astronauts and objects inside the orbiting ISS and Space Shuttle experience “weightlessness” due to the combination of the forward velocity of the spacecraft and Earth’s _________________ . atmosphere; New Horizons; Sir Isaac Newton; Cassini; gravity; Apollo; Galileo Galilei

QUIZ CHAPTER 10 SHORT ANSWER 12. In your notebook, copy this diagram of the proposed space elevator and add the following labels: Earth climber cable counterweight geosynchronous orbit

10 QUIZ ANSWERS MULTIPLE CHOICE CHAPTER 10 MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. Which of the following did Canada develop? (a) Canadarm (b) DEXTRE (c) Canadarm2 (d) all of the above 2. What is the minimum number of GPS satellites needed to calculate a location on Earth? (a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 4

10 QUIZ ANSWERS MULTIPLE CHOICE CHAPTER 10 MULTIPLE CHOICE 3. The Moon and Mars are similar in which of the following ways? (a) They both have a layer of fine dust blanketing their surface. (b) They are both the same distance from Earth. (c) They are similar in size. (d) Astronauts have landed on both of them. 4. Which of the following does not monitor Earth’s environment? (a) RADARSAT (b) SCISAT (c) RADARSAT-2 (d) a GPS satellite

10 QUIZ ANSWERS FILL IN THE BLANKS CHAPTER 10 FILL IN THE BLANKS 5. Although the first telescope was invented by Hans Lippershey, the first person to use a telescope to explore the night sky was Galileo Galilei. 6. Sir Isaac Newton built the first reflecting telescope. 7. X-rays from distant celestial objects are not detectable on Earth’s surface because they are filtered out by our atmosphere. 8. The Apollo missions sent humans to the Moon. 9. The New Horizons mission is on its way to Pluto. 10. The Cassini spacecraft continues to orbit Saturn. 11. Astronauts and objects inside the orbiting ISS and Space Shuttle experience “weightlessness” due to the combination of the forward velocity of the spacecraft and Earth’s gravity.

QUIZ ANSWERS CHAPTER 10 SHORT ANSWER 12.