Non-Conventional Sources of Energy

Objectives Basic Introduction to Energy. Types of Energy. Introduction to Non-conventional Sources of Energy and its types. Non-conventional sources of energy in Pakistan. Comparison between Conventional & Non-conventional sources of Energy.

What Is Energy? Types of Energy: “Energy is the ability to do work” Conventional Non-Conventional

Non-Conventional Sources Wind Energy Biomass Energy Waves & Tidal Energy Solar Energy

Non-conventional Source Of Energy BIOMASS ENERGY Non-conventional Source Of Energy

Objectives Introduction about Biomass Energy. Definition of Biomass Energy. Types of Biomass Energy. Basic Mechanism of Biomass Energy. Role of Biomass Energy in Pakistan. Pros & Cons of Biomass Energy.

Introduction It is a renewable energy source. Its estimated production in world is 146 billion tons a year, consisting of mostly wild plant growth.

Definition Biomass is biological material derived from living, or dead organisms. It refers to plants or plant-derived materials, are called lignocellulosic biomass.

Basic Mechanism Biomass can either be used directly: By combustion to produce heat ,or indirectly after converting it to various forms of biofuel.   Conversion of biomass to biofuel can be achieved by: thermal,  chemical and biochemical method.

Biomass Energy In Pakistan Pakistan is an agricultural country. Large amount of agricultural and industrial wastes are produced. Biomass power plants in Pakistan are: 12 MW Power Plant at Jhang, Punjab. 12 MW Power Plant at Mirpurkhas, Sindh. 09 MW Power Plant at Matli, Sindh.

Advantages: Disadvantages: It is a renewable energy resource. It reduces landfills. It helps in reduction of greenhouse . gases such as Methane (CH4) and other hydrocarbons. Disadvantages: Very expansive because of increased setup cost, labor and transportation.

SOLAR ENERGY Non-conventional Source Of Energy

Objectives Introduction. Basic Mechanism. Factors. Solar Energy in Pakistan. Pros & Cons.

Solar Energy It is the energy, coming from sun. It can be collected by human through photovoltaic and heat engines.  Solar power, along with wind, hydroelectric, wave, biomass account for most of the renewable energy source available for use.

How Photon becomes an Electron? Photon (sunlight) can be transformed to electron (electricity) either directly or indirectly. Direct conversion: Photovoltaic cells (PV) Indirect conversion: Concentrated solar power system(CSP).

Concentrated Solar Power System (CSP) is another way of collecting energy from sun. CSP system is made up of lenses, mirrors, and tracking systems. it focus a large amount of sunlight into a smaller beam. The concentrated light heat up a working fluid and is then used as the heat source for power generation.

Seasonal & Regional Effect Their effects on solar power is greater than any other renewable resources. Solar Power, unlike hydroelectric, wave it can not be controlled by human. A solar power should be station at a well lit area. Solar power can be collected all round the year, it will gather more sun light during the summer.

Solar Energy In Pakistan In Pakistan; areas such as: Bahawalpur, Multan, Sibi and Jacobabad etc are most suitable for large scale solar power production.

Advantages: Disadvantages: Solar energy is inexhaustible. It is non-polluting. Disadvantages: It is expensive. As it is diffused source so it gets wasted.

Non-conventional Source Of Energy WIND ENERGY Non-conventional Source Of Energy

Objectives Introduction History Mechanism Types of turbines Wind energy in Pakistan. Advantages & Disadvantages

Introduction Definition of Wind Definition of Wind Energy

Definition of Wind Flow of gases on large scale. (General) Bulk movement of air across surface of earth. (Specified)

Definition of Wind Energy Conversion of its kinetic energy into a useful form of energy, such as using: Wind turbines to make electricity, Windmills for mechanical power, Wind pumps for water pumping or drainage, Sails to propel ships.

History It has been used in: Sailboats and sailing ships using thousands of years. Architects using wind-driven natural ventilation in buildings since similarly ancient times.

Wind Energy Windmill in 1891

Wind Energy Basic Parts of Wind Turbine

Mechanism Of Wind Turbine

Different Types of Turbine

Wind Energy In Pakistan Government of Pakistan is developing wind power plants in : Sindh in Jhimpir, Gharo, Keti Bandar and Bin Qasim. Southern coastal regions of Sindh and Balochistan, with assistance from China. Swat which shows good wind conditions and foreign investors are investing in it.

Advantages Less air and water pollution Reduces fossil fuel consumption Renewable source Low ongoing cost (less than I Rs / 1 kw-hr) Disadvantages Moderate/High Capital required at start Dependence on availability of winds Kills birds Noisy

Non-conventional Source Of Energy WAVES & TIDAL ENERGY Non-conventional Source Of Energy

Objectives Introduction. Definition. Basic Mechanism. Types of Turbines. Wave & Tidal Energy in Pakistan. Pros & Cons.

Introduction Two types of ocean resources: Waves. Tides. Causes: The oscillating motion of waves is used to drive turbines that generate electricity.

Definition Wave Energy: Tidal Energy: “Transport of energy by ocean surface waves.” Tidal Energy: “Form of hydropower that converts energy of tides into useful forms of energy.”

Mechanism of Wave Energy Wave motion compress air to drive a turbine or hydraulic pumps.

Mechanism of Tidal Energy Tidal stream devices: extract energy from flow of tidal currents.

Types of Turbines Tidal turbines, similar in appearance to wind turbines.

Wave Energy In Pakistan Suitable Location:- Pakistan has about 1000 km long coastline. Cities like Gawader, Pasni, Ormara, Gadani and Makran coastal areas.

Tide Energy In Pakistan Location in Pakistan:- The creek system of Indus delta extends over an area of 170 Km. Sonmiani Hor and the Kalmat Khor are also good prospects. Velocity of these creeks The current velocity is from 4 to 5 knot.. Variation in tidal height Along the Sindh coast vary between 2-5 meters. Power production capacity: About 1100 KW from these creeks altogether.

Advantagtes: It cannot be depleted. The efficiency of tidal power is about 80% as compared to solar and wind. Positive impact on climate change. Disadvantages : Needs big funds and plenty of scientific research. Disrupt the movement of large marine animals. Produce electricity at average of around 10 hours each day. Need effective energy storage solution.

Comparison Between: Conventional Sources of Energy Non-Conventional Sources of Energy Not renewable. Renewable. Cause different types of pollution. Cause very less pollution. Low initial setup cost. Moderate initial setup cost. Very expansive per unit. Very cheap per unit. Limited reserves. Unlimited reserves.

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