10월 22일 중간고사 (25%) 강의 노트 + 교과서 + Readings on KLAS 교과서 범위 = 1장, 2장, 3장, 6장  careful reading is a “must-do.” Multiple-choice questions  15 questions Short ID questions  5 questions 답안은 우리말 혹은 영어 모두 가능 시험 당일 분반예정  장소는 추후 공지

Example MC Question Q) During the Constitutional Convention, ___________ entered the Constitution as the president’s only unchecked power. A. the pardon power B. the commander-in-chief power C. treaty-making power D. ambassador appointment power

Example Short ID Question Q) “Necessary and Proper” Clause Congress can make all laws which shall be necessary and proper. This is the single most extensive grant of power in the Constitution, giving Congress authority over many different spheres of public policy.

How to understand American political history? “Modern Presidency” approach Tradition vs. Modern (dichotomous) 1932 election of FDR “Critical elections” approach “Not every election is equal.” Critical elections of 1800, 1828, 1860, 1896, 1932, 1980 “Political Time Presidency” approach Periodicity and pattern Presidents’ situation related to political regime

“Political Time” Presidency (Stephen Skowronek)

A dominant ideological regime and each president’s association with it President’s own political identity (resources) Opposed Affiliated Regime strength Vulnerable Resilient 1. Politics of Reconstruction (Jefferson, Jackson, Lincoln, FDR, Reagan) 4. Politics of Disjunction (John Quincy Adams, Buchanan, Hoover, Carter) 3. Politics of Preemption (Andrew Johnson, Wilson, Nixon, Clinton) 2. Politics of Articulation (Monroe, Polk, TR, LBJ)

Political Times I Politics of Reconstruction Opposed to a weak regime Wins a big election that repudiates weak regime’s ideas (“critical election theory”) Mandate for change and wide leeway to control nation’s new agenda Jackson (the Jacksonian Democracy) FDR (the New Deal era) Reagan (the “center-right” country)

Political Times II Politics of Articulation (“faithful sons”) Affiliated with a resilient regime Sticking with dominant ideology of their party’s regime and carving out own policy niche Dealing with conflicting factions with a strong regime Polk (the Jacksonian Democracy) LBJ (the New Deal era) Bush 41 (center-right country)

Political Times III Politics of Preemption Opposed to a dominant regime Have to co-opt some of the dominant regime’s ideas and little legitimate authority to change policy commitments Andrew Johnson (vs. radical Republicans), Nixon (vs. liberal Democrats), Clinton (vs. conservative Republicans)

Political Times IV Politics of Disjunction Affiliated with a vulnerable regime Can’t stand up for regime that is no longer popular, also can’t criticize it because it’s his own party Less authority over national debate and tend to be seen as failures John Quincy Adams (prior to Jackson) Hoover (prior to FDR) Carter (prior to Reagan) Cf) What if McCain had won in 2008?

Obama and the “Political Time” Presidency How do you know about regime strength? Resilient vs. vulnerable? Is America still “center-right” country? Has the “Reagan Revolution” ended? Where is the Obama presidency placed? Where does President Obama stand? What is his affiliation with the dominant system? Does Obama belong to the politics of (second-round) preemption or reconstruction?

Ch 2. The U.S. Constitution Constitutions are all important in all countries. Setting the basic parameters for the political process, safeguarding key rights, and establishing the institutions of government The U.S. Constitution is even more central to American political life, because of its great _l______________ and the enormous _r______________ with which it is treated. The American Anomaly Ch 2. Constitution, p.27 At the same time, its exceptional age and its brevity mean that the U.S. Constitution is full of idiosyncrasies and silences.

The Basics of the U. S. Constitution http://www. law. cornell Article I [The Legislative Branch] Article II [The Presidency] Article III [The Judiciary] Article IV [The States] Article V [The Amendment Process] Article VI [Legal Status of the Constitution] Article VII [Ratification] Amendment I [Religion, Speech, Press, Assembly, Petition (1791)] Amendment II [Right to Bear Arms (1791)] Amendment III [Quartering of Troops (1791)] Amendment IV [Search and Seizure (1791)] Amendment V [Grand Jury, Double Jeopardy, Self-Incrimination, Due Process (1791)] Amendment VI [Criminal Prosecutions - Jury Trial, Right to Confront and to Counsel (1791)] Amendment VII [Common Law Suits - Jury Trial (1791)] Amendment VIII [Excess Bail or Fines, Cruel and Unusual Punishment (1791)] Amendment IX [Non-Enumerated Rights (1791)] Amendment X [Rights Reserved to States (1791)]

The Basics of the U. S. Constitution http://www. law. cornell Amendment XI [Suits Against a State (1795)] Amendment XII [Election of President and Vice-President (1804)] Amendment XIII [Abolition of Slavery (1865)] Amendment XIV [Privileges and Immunities, Due Process, Equal Protection, Apportionment of Representatives, Civil War Disqualification and Debt (1868)] Amendment XV [Rights Not to Be Denied on Account of Race (1870)] Amendment XVI [Income Tax (1913)] Amendment XVII [Election of Senators (1913) Amendment XVIII [Prohibition (1919)] Amendment XIX [Women's Right to Vote (1920) Amendment XX [Presidential Term and Succession (1933)] Amendment XXI [Repeal of Prohibition (1933)] Amendment XXII [Two Term Limit on President (1951)] Amendment XXIII [Presidential Vote in D.C. (1961)] Amendment XXIV [Poll Tax (1964)] Amendment XXV [Presidential Succession (1967)] Amendment XXVI [Right to Vote at Age 18 (1971)] Amendment XXVII [Compensation of Members of Congress (1992)]

US Constitution and American Political History Article I = the Legislative Branch (US Congress) Detailed and long “enumerated powers” of Congress Article II = the Executive Branch (Presidency) Ambiguous and short  basis for the evolution of prez power “inherent powers” of President Some Constitutional Amendments 12th Amendment (1804) 20th Amendment (1933) 22nd Amendment (1951) 25th Amendment (1967)

The U.S. Constitution Article I – The Legislative Branch Article 1 - The Legislative Branch Section 1 - The Legislature Section 2 - The House Section 3 - The Senate Section 4 - Elections, Meetings Section 5 - Membership, Rules, Journals, Adjournment Section 6 - Compensation Section 7 - Revenue Bills, Legislative Process, Presidential Veto Section 8 - Powers of Congress Section 9 - Limits on Congress Section 10 - Powers Prohibited of States

Article I, Section 8: Congressional Power Broad powers over crucial economic matters Article I, Section 8, of the Constitution sets out the “enumerated” powers of Congress Impose taxes, regulate interstate and foreign commerce Ex) FTA between Korea and the United States passed by Congress 278 yeas vs. 151 nays in the House, 83 yeas vs. 15 nays in the Senate “Necessary and Proper” (Elastic) Clause (Sec. 8) Congress “to make all Laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying into Execution the foregoing Powers.…” This is the single most extensive grant of power in the Constitution, giving Congress authority over many different spheres of public policy.