Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana , Punjab, India

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Presentation transcript:

Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana- 141004, Punjab, India Spacing and nitrogen requirements of determinate and dwarf genotypes of Ethiopian mustard (Brassica carinata A. Br.) HARWINDER KAUR, VIRENDER SARDANA AND PUSHP SHARMA Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana- 141004, Punjab, India

INTRODUCTION Ethiopian mustard (Brassica carinata A. Braun) is an annual oilseed crop grown mainly in warm tropical regions of the world. It is shattering tolerant with better tolerance to higher temperature and drought. Its seeds contain higher protein content and lower crude fat resulting in more oil recovery than other Brassicas. It is resistant to white rust and has better tolerance to alternaria blight and mustard aphid than other species of Brassica.

It can be raised by transplanting and thus fits well in intensive cropping systems. Worldwide, Ethiopian mustard is emerging as a potential crop for biofuel production and non-food applications such as bio-polymers, lubricants, soaps and surfactants and a critical crop for climate resilient agriculture. Development of determinate and short statured Ethiopian mustard is anticipated to make it more acceptable than earlier cultivars of indeterminate and taller growth habit with longer maturation period and poor harvest index.

Determinate cultivar (BJC 13-1) Indeterminate cultivar (PC 5)

OBJECTIVES To study the growth and yield of promising dwarf and determinate genotypes To optimize plant population vis-a-vis spacing for higher yield and harvest index To find out nitrogen requirements of dwarf and determinate genotypes

METHODOLOGY Treatments Main plots: A. Genotypes (3): BJC 13-1, BJC 13-2, BJC 13-3 B. Crop geometry (4): 25 cm x 15 cm, 30 cm x 10 cm, 30 cm x 15 cm, 45 cm x 10 cm Sub plots: Doses of nitrogen (2): 100 and 125 kg/ha Location: Oilseeds Section, Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, PAU Ludhiana Year of study: Rabi 2013-14 Soil type: Loamy sand Soil status: N:P:K (kg/ha) 174.6:14.0:147.6 Date of sowing: October 16, 2013 Design: Split plot, Number of replications: 3 Gross plot size: 2.7m x 5.0m = 13.5 m2

No. of branches per plant Effect of genotypes, spacing and doses of nitrogen on growth and yield attributes of Ethiopian mustard Treatments Plant height (cm) Main shoot length (cm) No. of branches per plant No. of siliquae per Seeds per siliqua 1000-Seed weight (g) Primary Secondary Main shoot Plant Genotypes BJC13-1 163.6 25.1 12.8 43.9 14.5 875.9 13.8 4.05 BJC13-2 172.0 24.5 13.6 47.6 10.6 833.1 12.7 3.78 BJC13-3 165.6 24.4 14.0 55.1 11.1 874.9 13.7 4.06 CD (p=0.05) NS 0.8 6.1 0.15 0.24 Spacing (cm) 25x10 167.5 23.8 13.4 46.5 10.7 882.1 4.02 30x10 166.7 25.4 13.3 49.0 836.9 3.95 30x15 164.7 25.8 13.5 51.2 11.4 935.8 4.13 45x10 169.3 23.7 48.9 15.4 790.4 3.76 Doses of nitrogen (kg/ha) 100 166.4 24.8 13.2 47.5 870.7 12.9 3.58 125 167.7 24.6 50.3 10.8 851.9 13.9 4.35 0.13

Effect of genotypes, spacing and doses of nitrogen on yields and harvest index of Ethiopian mustard Treatments Biomass yield (kg/ha) Seed yield (kg/ha) Stover yield (kg/ha) Harvest index (%) Oil content (%) Oil yield (kg/ha) Genotypes BJC13-1 16379 3546 12832 21.6 38.6 1369 BJC13-2 16049 3335 12714 20.8 38.4 1279 BJC13-3 16265 3393 12872 20.9 38.1 1295 CD (p=0.05) NS 171 0.73 Spacing (cm) 25x10 16849 3553 13297 21.1 38.3 1364 30x10 15930 3267 12663 20.5 38.2 1248 30x15 16269 3620 12648 22.2 38.5 1392 45x10 15875 3260 12616 1254 710 198 0.84 92 Doses of nitrogen (kg/ha) 100 16136 3418 12718 21.2 1313 125 16326 3432 12894 21.0 1316 CD (p=0.05

Salient findings Genotype BJC13-1 produced highest seed yield (3546 kg/ha) and oil yield (1369 kg/ha) and out yielded BJC13-2 and BJC13-3 by 6.3 and 4.5 per cent (significantly), respectively for seed yield and 7.0 and 5.7 per cent, respectively for oil yield. The effect of crop geometry on seed and oil yields was also significant. The highest seed and oil yields (3620 and 1392 kg/ha, respectively) produced with 30cm x 15 cm spacing were comparable with 25cm x 10 cm spacing (3553 and 1364 kg/ha) but significantly higher than 30cm x 10cm (3267, 1248 kg/ha) and 45cm x 10cm (3260, 1254 kg/ha) spacings. Seed (3432 kg/ha) and oil (1316 kg/ha) yields obtained with application of 125 kg/ha of nitrogen were comparable with 100 kg/ha of applied nitrogen (3418, 1313 kg/ha). Differences in stover yields and oil content of genotypes and under varied spacings and N doses were inconspicuous.

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