The Church in the Middle Ages Chapter 12 lesson 3

The Church in the Middle Ages I. Life and the Church During the Middle Ages the Christian religion had grow so much it is known as the “Age of Faith.” Life in Europe revolved around the church. People showed their devotion in many ways. Building Cathedrals making pilgrimages fighting in crusades Joining the Church

The Church in the Middle Ages St. David's Cathedral in Wales Founded in the 7th century, St. David's Cathedral in Wales was a major pilgrimage destination.

The Church in the Middle Ages Canterbury Cathedral is one of the oldest Christian churches in England.

The Church in the Middle Ages Aachen Cathedral, Aachen, is a building of great historical, architectural and religious importance. Built by Charlemagne in 805 AD, its unique design was highly influential on German church architecture and it was a site of imperial coronations and pilgrimage for many centuries.

The Church in the Middle Ages St. Patrick's Cathedral in New York City Designed by American architect James Renwick, St. Patrick's Cathedral was begun in 1859 to replace an earlier cathedral.

The Church in the Middle Ages Men who devote their life to religion are known as monks. The communities these men live in are called monasteries. Women who vow to devote their lives to religion are called nuns. Nuns live in convents. People who choose this life enter it at a young age and stay to death. Monasteries and convents were run like manors. Many books were produced in Monasteries. Books were produced by hand during this time. Some of these books were lined in gold and had precious jewels used in the pictures. The room used for producing books was called a scriptorium. *Additional material on notes sheet

The Church in the Middle Ages In 1054 the Christian Church split into Roman Catholic and Eastern Orthodox. The Great Schism divided early Medieval Christianity into Western (Latin) and Eastern (Greek) branches. Normally dated to 1054, the Great Schism was the result of an extended period of arguments between Latin and Greek Christendom. The primary causes of the Schism were disputes over papal authority. (authority of the Pope) Pope Leo IX claimed he held authority over all Christian leaders.

The Church in the Middle Ages Christian Church Eastern Orthodox Roman Chuch Great Schism

II. The Crusades 1. During this time most Europeans were Christians, however, Jews lived in many areas of Europe. 2. In 1076 Muslims gained control of the Jerusalem. 3. They also controlled part of Spain and most of the land east of the Byzantine Empire. 4. Pope Urban II called for people to make a pilgrimage to Jerusalem. 5. The Pope also called for a crusade, the First Crusade, in order to reclaim Jerusalem from the Seljuk Turks who were Muslims.

6. Some Christian Crusaders brought suffering to many of the places they went. 7. Christians along with non- Christians criticized their actions. 8. Many Crusaders died of hunger and disease before reaching the “Holy Land” in 1099. 9.Eight Crusades took places during the next 200 years. 10. They were successful a few times but within a year lost the land they had set out to conquer. 11. By the end of the Crusades, in 1291, Europe was changing.

The Church in the Middle Ages The Black Death The bubonic plague was the Black Death. The mortality rate was 30-75%. The symptoms were enlarged and inflamed lymph nodes (around arm pits, neck and groin). Victims were subject to headaches, nausea, aching , fever of 101-105 degrees, vomiting, and a general feeling of illness. Symptoms took from 1-7 days to appear. The plague was brought into Europe by trade ships coming from the east. Rats on board the ships carried fleas that carried the disease.

The Church in the Middle Ages