Warm up 11/10 What are the 2 parts of light reactions? What goes into the light reactions? What comes out? What is the process called that makes ATP? What enzyme is used? In the Calvin Cycle: What goes in? What powers the Calvin Cycle? Quiz in 5 minutes

Chapter 7: Cellular Respiration C6H12O6 + 6O2  6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP (Energy)

Cellular Respiration Cellular Respiration -Process where cells make ATP by breaking down organic compounds (such as glucose) Cellular Respiration -Autotrophs and heterotrophs both undergo respiration How is this equation different from photosynthesis? -Occurs in the cytoplasm and mitochondria Overall equation: C6H12O6 + 6O2  6CO2 + 6 H2O + ATP

What’s so great about ATP? Every time you move a muscle, think, breathe, replicate your DNA, every time your heart beats - you use ATP to do this work!

Warm-up 11/12: Write the chemical equation for Cellular Respiration. Both Symbolically and In English In Photosynthesis Endergonic or Exergonic? What about Cellular Respiration? Cellular Respiration is the opposite of Photosynthesis. The first step of Cellular Respiration is Glycolysis where a glucose turns into two pyruvic-acids. What can you tell about pyruvic-acid from you knowledge of photosynthesis.

Two pathways exist for accessing stored energy… Aerobic Pathways take place in the presence of oxygen Anaerobic Pathways take place in the absence of oxygen Both pathways: 1) Begin with Glycolysis 2) Produce a Pyruvic Acid Intermediate 3) Differ in ATP production and final product

If an organism lived in an O2 deficient environment it would undergo the _____________ pathway.

Step 1: Glycolysis (anerobic Respiration) Location: Cytosol (cytoplasm) Description 6 carbon molecule of glucose is split Anaerobic (no oxygen needed) Reactant: C6H12O6 (glucose) Products: 2 Pyruvic Acids (3-carbon molecule) & 2 ATP The pyruvic acid will enter mitochondria for further processing

If oxygen is present then Aerobic respiration occurs If oxygen is not available then cells continue to perform glycolysis to make 2 ATPs

Aerobic Respiration Step 2: Kreb’s Cycle Series of reactions that occur in mitochondrial matrix Reactants: Pyruvic acid (from glycolysis) Products: 2 CO2 and 2 ATP

The Krebs Cycle begins with pyruvic acid which was produced by ______________. The Krebs cycle occurs in the __________________ _____________.

Aerobic Respiration Step 2: Kreb’s Cycle Series of reactions that occur in mitochondrial matrix Reactants: Pyruvic acid (from glycolysis) Products: 2 CO2 and 2 ATP

Aerobic Respiration Step 3: Electron Transport Chain The “big ATP payoff” Location: cristae (inner membrane) of mitochondria Reactants: O2 Products: H2O, 34 ATP

Aerobic Respiration Step 3: Electron Transport Chain 3. e- are transferred down the ETC. 4. Energy released by this transfer pump H+ from the matrix to inter-membrane space. Creating a Concentration Gradient. 5. O2 accepts the e- at the end of the ETC making H2O. Without O2 the electrons can’t react and get stuck stopping the ETC.

Aerobic Respiration Step 3: Electron Transport Chain 6. The only exit for these protons is through ATP synthase. 7. It spins providing energy for converting ADP into ATP This process is called chemiosmosis The same as in photosynthesis

______________ is the process responsible for producing the ATP __________ is produced at the end of the electron transport chain in the mitochondria ______________ is the process responsible for producing the ATP ___________ accepts the electron to make water at the end of the ETC H2O Chemiosmosis Oxygen

Total Energy Production: 36 ATP 2 ATP from glycolysis 2 ATP from Kreb’s Cycle 34 ATP from ETC (chemiosmosis) 38 ATP Made In Total - 2 ATP for transporting pyruvic acid into the Mitochondria from Glycolysis 36 Net ATP Made Aerobic Respiration is 20 times more efficient than Glycolysis alone.

Assignments Homework: Study Guide Mitochondria Coloring Due Tomorrow Photosynthesis & Cellular Respiration Due Monday Study Guide Due Tuesday

Anaerobic vs. Aerobic Anaerobic pathway (fermentation) = Glycolysis  2 ATP Aerobic Pathway = Glycolysis + Kreb’s Cycle + ETC  36 ATP

Fact Fact: Our bodies uses ATP at the rate of about 1 million molecules per cell per second. There are more than 100 trillion cells in the human body. That’s about 100,000,000,000,000,000,000 ATP molecules used in your body each second!

Assignments Homework: Study Guide Mitochondria Coloring Due Tomorrow Photosynthesis & Respiration Due Monday Study Guide Due Tuesday

Assignments Homework: Cell Respiration Steps,

Videos Discovery Education Cell resp and Glycolysis From food to ATP

Make and fill in this chart Process Location Reactants Products # of ATP Made Glycolysis Kreb’s Cycle Electron Transport Chain