Earthquakes California Standards 3.a., b., & c.

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Presentation transcript:

Earthquakes California Standards 3.a., b., & c. Alaskan Earth quake 1965

San Francisco Earthquake, 1906

Kobe Japan

The Ring of Fire

Earthquakes 1. Caused by forces within the Earth 2. Forces that cause sections of the Earth to move 3. Forces that bend, compress and stretch rocks like rubber bands 4. These forces are called Earthquakes

Faults 1. Normal faults 2. Reverse faults 3. Strike-slip faults

Normal Faults

NORMAL FAULT Tension Forces

Reverse Faults

Reverse Fault

NORMAL FAULT`

Strike-Slip Fault

San Andres Fault

N San Francisco Los Angeles

Faults of California

Earthquake Information Seismic wave – a wave produced by an earthquake Focus – the location within the Earth where the energy from an earthquake is released. Epicenter – location above the focus on the surface of the Earth.

Epicenter and Focus

Epicenter & Focus

Seismic Waves

Seismic Waves and Amplitude Greater the amplitude the greater the energy.

Seismic Equipment Seismic waves are measured by a seismograph. The greater the amplitude of the wave the more energy the wave has. It is necessary to have three seismographs to determine the epicenter of an earthquake.

Seismic Waves Primary waves are the fastest waves and are known as P waves. Secondary waves are the next fastest and are known as S waves. Surface waves are the slowest and cause the most destruction.

Seismic Waves

Seismic Waves Seismograph: instrument that records vibrations in the ground, usually from earthquakes. Seismogram: a record, on paper, that traces an earthquake as recorded by a seismogram.

Seismogram and seismometer

Seismometer:a meter to measure an earthquake Seismogram: a record of an earthquake

Locating the Epicenter of an Earthquake. It requires three seismographs to locate the epicenter of an earthquake.

Epicenter Location

P and S Waves

Destruction by Earthquakes Seismology is the study of earthquakes Seismologists is a scientists who studies earthquakes.

Seismograph is the instrument which records the earthquake. Richter scale measures how strong or the magnitude of the earthquake. The 1906 San Francisco earthquake was a 9.2 on the Richter scale.

San Francisco City Hall, 1906 The End San Francisco City Hall, 1906

Circulation of Molten Rock

Circulation of Earth’s Interior Matter

THE END. Whole lot’a shaken go’en on!

Structure of the Earth