and Ideas in Europe during the 1930s Rise of New Leaders and Ideas in Europe during the 1930s

Contestant #2 I have a drinking habit and a defiant tongue or attitude Who Would You Vote For? Contestant #1 I am a womanizer, have self-interested policies and unfortunately suffer from ailing health. Contestant #2 I have a drinking habit and a defiant tongue or attitude Contestant #3 I am a decorated war hero, do not drink and want to create a stable economy

Who Did You Vote For? Contestant #3 Contestant #2 Contestant #1

Great Depression during 1930s Total Control of State by a Dictator Black Tuesday 1929 - stock market crashes Treaty of Versailles Great Depression during 1930s Totalitarianism Increasing influence of new political parties that emphasize state control -For example: Communism, Nazism, Fascism Total Control of State by a Dictator

Describe its characteristics… Totalitarianism What is it? Describe its characteristics…

Totalitarianism Government establishes complete control of all aspects of the state (political, military, economy, social, cultural) Highly nationalistic (flags, salutes, rallies, uniforms) Strict controls and laws Military state (secret police, army, military) Censorship (opposing literature and ideas) Propaganda (media – radio, newspapers, posters) One leader (dictator); charismatic Total conformity of people to ideas and leader Terror and Fear

Totalitarianism *These theories, specifically Communism and Fascism, are completely different theories that are bitterly opposed; however they exhibit the same behaviour

Communism I am Joseph Stalin, the leader of the Soviet Union from 1922-1953. What is Communism? LEFT WING based on theory by Karl Marx revolutionary idea of a political, economic and social system that creates a “classless society” state ownership and control of the means of production (no private ownership) Soviet Communism or “Stalinism”, was more of a totalitarian and military state combined with elements of communism

Fascism I am Benito Mussolini the leader (Il Duce) of Italy from 1922 to 1943. What is Fascism? RIGHT WING intense nationalism and elitism totalitarian control interests of the state more important than individual rights maintain class system and private ownership Interesting Fact: Fascism name was derived from the fasces, an ancient Roman symbol of authority consisting of a bundle of rods and an ax

Benitio Mussolini: "What is Fascism?" (1932) 1922-Mussolini & the Fascist Party came to power in Italy 1932-Mussolini wrote a definition of Fascism for the Italian dictionary Rejection of Pacifism, Marxism & Democracy Life=duty, struggle & conquest Humans=inherently unequal State=superior to the individual Territorial Expansion=manifestation of a nation’s vitality

Nazism I am Adolf Hitler the leader (der Fuhrer) or dictator of Germany from 1933 to 1945. What is Nazism? extremely fascist , nationalistic and totalitarian based on beliefs of the National Socialist German Workers Party belief in the racial superiority of the Aryan, the “master race” belief that all Germans should have “lebensraum” or living space in Europe Violent hatred towards Jews and blamed Germany’s problems on them

Nazi Controls

Nazi Military State GESTAPO: the Secret State Police SS (Schutzstaffel): Defense Corps “black shirts”, an elite guard unit formed out of the SA SA (Sturmabteilung): Stormtroopers "brown-shirts" early private Nazi army that protected leaders and opposed rival political parties Lebensraum (living space): concept that emphasized need for territorial expansion of Germany into east Wehrmacht: German army HJ (Hitler Jugend): Hitler Youth Einstazgruppen: Nazi Death Squad; mobile killing units Volk: all inclusive concept of nation, people and race, implying the superiority of German culture and race; led to policy of Volksgemeinschaft (idea of a harmonized racial Nazi community in government policies and programs)

Nuremberg Laws (1935) Proclaimed during the 1935 Nuremburg Rally Laws severely restricted the freedoms of German Jews the Jim Crow Laws in the American South= a model for segregation Forbade Marriage & Sexual Relations between Germans & Jews Stripped Citizenship from German-Jews

“The Eternal Jew” Depiction of a Jew holding gold coins in one hand and a whip in the other. Under his arm is a map of the world, with the imprint of the hammer and sickle. Posters like this promoted a sharp rise in anti-Semitic feelings, and in some cases violence against the Jewish community. This Nazi propaganda poster reads, ‘Behind the enemy powers: the Jew.

Policy of Appeasement Appeasement willingness to surrender to an aggressors’ demands to avoid war How was it used prior to World War II? Acceptance that Hitler could not be stopped and needed to be negotiated with (even at the expense of the smaller independent countries) Accepted because of sympathy and guilt felt by Britain and USA of unjust Treaty of Versailles Reality Blindness to true nature of Hitler’s agenda program for Eastern Europe Irony= policy used to avoid war but empowered Hitler to continue his aggressive campaign . The only way to stop Hitler was to declare war.

STEPS TO WAR How did World War II begin? How did appeasement contribute to World War II? http://www.markville.ss.yrdsb.edu.on.ca/history/history/quotes.pdf

Reflect Was the Treaty of Versailles truly the cause of World War II? Or appeasement? What do we have to remember about hindsight when examining history? Could Hitler have been ‘stopped’ at any time prior to 1939? What was Canada’s view of appeasement and another potential war? What was “isolationism” ? Interested? More videos http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=waI4aq-Rf0o http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KkSFIw6vePM&feature=related