Partitioning of Africa Mr. Meester World History 9-2 & 9-3

African Imperialism Vocab Shaka Zulu Berlin Conference King Menelik II Suez Canal

European Contact Increases: Europeans had long traded along the coast of Africa, but not inside of it. Explorers begin to push into the interior along rivers. The most famous explorer was Dr. David Livingstone He explored Africa for 30 years Missionaries came next doing humanitarian work. (White Man’s Burden)

North, West, East Africa: North & East Africa was ruled by the declining Ottoman Empire. Contains fertile land by the sea & Nile Surrounded by Sahara desert Local rulers separated from the empire Islamic crusades swept through West Africa. Dozens of new Islamic states were founded in places such as Nigeria.

South Africa In the Southern Africa the Zulu Tribe had emerged as the major civilization. Lead by Shaka Zulu He was a brilliant military commander Dutch colonists would move north from the coast to escape British rule. This caused conflict with the Zulu The Boer War would last till the end of the 1800’s, with the British conquering both

Berlin Conference Beginning with Belgium, Europeans begin to take over all of Africa. They held a conference in Berlin in order to setup rules to cut down on European bloodshed. They agreed they couldn’t control a territory unless they had setup a government office. No African nations were invited.

Europeans Divide Up Africa Belgium had taken control of the Congo River and jungle area. France takes control in Northern and Western Africa. England took areas in the West, East, and South. More nations came until almost every part of Africa is taken over.

The Partitioning of Africa Africa in 1914

Africans Resist Imperialism: The Europeans met resistance & rebellion through out Africa. The African nations were defeated due to the superior military technology. Only the Ethiopians and Egyptians had any success against the Europeans. Only Ethiopia & Liberia are still independent by 1914

Egypt Modernizes Egyptian leader, Muhammad Ali took control of Egypt in the early 1800’s. He modernized Egypt’s economy, military, and agriculture A French & Egyptian company builds the Suez Canal Makes Egypt key for trade with the Far East Poor leaders put Egypt in great debt England will take over in the late 1800’s in order to gain control of the canal

Ethiopia Survives Ethiopia was controlled by King Menelik II. He, like Ali in Egypt, attempts to modernize his country. When Italy invaded in the late 1800’s Ethiopia was ready with modern weapons and tactics. The Ethiopians crush the Italian invaders at the Battle of Adowa Retain their independence until the 1930’s