Powering the grid in the face of increasing fleet electrification School of the Built Environment Powering the grid in the face of increasing fleet electrification Dr Phil Coker Lecturer in Renewable Energy p.j.coker@reading.ac.uk

Sustainable energy supply and vehicle electrification An introduction: gas, renewables and EVs Transport from an energy perspective Renewables growth and variability Network loading Challenges and actions needed

https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/energy-flow-chart-2016 [Accessed: 29Sep2017]

UK renewables growth Data from BEIS, Energy Trends. Peak demand of the order of 60GW Falls below 40GW on a summer day 1m EVs with 7kW chargers would make a huge contribution, 5m would balance everything Data from BEIS, Energy Trends.

Supply / demand match 2016 electricity demand 2016 solar generation 2016 wind generation

Average Ev charging profile at single household Non-EV use based on Elexon class 1 profile EV charging data c/o DriveElectric from WPD’s Electric Nation trial

Some challenges Is the network big enough? Do we have enough power stations? Do we have enough fuel for the power stations? Will user demands (or institutional blockers) limit potential? Can a uniform customer experience co-exist with niche business models? (Network size) Yes, but cables are not a good way to move energy quickly! (Power stations) Yes, but not quite the right question

Some actions Require control from subsidised chargers Improve access to time varying pricing for discretionary charging Acclimatisation to real costs for on-demand charging An energy buzz phrase - 'Whole System Thinking'