Chapter 31: From the “Age of Limits” to the age of Reform APUSH UNIT TWELVE Chapter 31: From the “Age of Limits” to the age of Reform

Gerald Ford 38th President Pardons Nixon… Appoints George H. W. Bush to reform CIA…

Election of 1976 Gerald Ford (R) “WIN” Jimmy Carter (D) “A Leader, For A Change”

Jimmy Carter 39th President

Carter’s Foreign Policy Human Rights… Panama Canal… Camp David Accords (1978)…

Iran Hostage Crisis Ayatollah Khomeini… Nov. 1979 American Embassy in Teheran…

Carter and the Cold War 1979 China…. SALT II (never ratified)… 1979 Soviets invade Afghanistan…

Carter’s Domestic Policy Gas “crunch” continues… Inflation 13% Interest rates up to 20% Unemployment… Taxpayers unhappy… Federal Deficit…

Carter’s popularity…. “National Malaise” speech…

The Changing Face of America ”

Rise of the Sunbelt

Rise of Conservatism Barry Goldwater… Nixon & Ford … William F. Buckley Jr…. Milton Friedman…

Conservative Issues CA Proposition 13 Regents of the University of California v. Bakke (1978)

Moral Decay Televangelism “Moral Majority” Pat Robertson Oral Roberts Jim Bakker “Moral Majority” Jerry Falwell

Election of 1980 Ronald Reagan “Are you better off now than you were four years ago?” Jimmy Carter

Two Months Later…

Ronald Reagan – 40th President Regan Revolution Lower Taxes Buildup Military Conservative Courts Reduce Government Spending

Reaganomics (Supply Side Economics) Tax Reduction… Spending Cuts… Deregulation… Opposite of Keynesian Economics Critics charged “Trickle Down” Method (1920’s)

Recession and Recovery Reaganomics… Inflation rate falls to 4% 1983 Recovery “Yuppies”…

Election of 1984

Reaganomic’s Critics: National Debt and Trade Deficits

Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI)

“Star Wars” Military Spending … Unknown at the time…

Central America Nicaragua… Sandinistas Contras El Salvador… Grenada…

Reagan’s Foreign Policy Orlando 1983 – Declared Soviet Union “the evil empire”

1986 Attack on Libyan dictator & terrorist Quadafi

Middle East Beirut, Lebanon 1983 PLO Yassir Arafat recognizes Israel’s right to exist…

“Mr. Gorbachev: Tear Down This Wall”

Mikhail Gorbachev 1985 Glasnost… Perestroika… INF Treaty Pulls out of Afghanistan He later becomes…

Iran – Contra Affair “Ollie” North

The Legacy of Ronald Reagan

Election of 1988 George H.W. Bush (R) “Read my lips – no new taxes!” Michael Dukakis (D)

George H.W. Bush – 41st President

1989-Tiananmen Square - Beijing

Communism begins to Crumble Lech Walesa – Solidarity - Poland

Nov. 9, 1989 Berlin Wall “Falls”

U.S.S.R. Dissolves Baltic States began to break away from Soviet Union… Failed Coup against Gorbachev… Gorby resigns December 25, 1991 Boris Yeltsin forms Commonwealth of Independent States

Bush and Foreign Policy December 1989 invasion of Panama Manuel Noriega “Rock n Roll” at the Vatican Embassy

Persian Gulf War Aug. 1990 Saddam Hussein invades Kuwait Upsets the “New World Order” Bush builds a coalition.

Jan. 1991 – Operation Desert Storm “Stormin” Norman Schwarzkopf… Colin Powell..

Bush’s Domestic Policies The Good Americans with Disabilities Act -1990 Education “kinder, gentler, America”

The Bad The Ugly Tough fight for Clarence Thomas Recesssion Savings & Loans… Raised taxes

Election of 1992 George H.W. Bush (R) Bill Clinton (D)

H. Ross Perot – Reform Party

Chapter 32: The Age of Globaization APUSH UNIT TWELVE Chapter 32: The Age of Globaization

Bill Clinton – 41st President Early Setbacks Universal Health Care-Hillary Whitewater Early Accomplishments Family Medical Leave Act (1993) “Motor Voter” Law Deficit Reduction

NAFTA

Clinton’s Foreign Policy Somalia 1993 Haiti 1994 Middle East Asia

Contract With America Republicans win both houses of Congress in 1994 first time since 1957 Newt Gingrich

Oklahoma City - 1995 Timothy McVeigh

Election of 1996

Clinton’s Second Term Good economy Internet develops Budget Battles Scandals…

Clinton’s Scandals Blamed on a “vast right-wing conspiracy” “Whitewater” “Travelgate” “Filegate” Alleged sexual harassment cases while Governor of Arkansas

Monica Lewinsky

Impeached First time since 1868 Perjury, Obstruction of Justice Republicans lose seats in fall elections and Gingrich resigns Senate refuses to convict

Clinton’s Foreign Policy Somalia 1993 Haiti 1994 Middle East Asia

Balkan Genocide 1990’s Slobodan Milosevic dictator of Serbia… U.S./NATO bombing of Bosnia and Kosovo

Election of 2000

Vote hinges on Florida Democrats ask for a recount “Hanging Chads” Bush v. Gore (2000) Closest election since 1876

George W. Bush – 42nd President “Solid South” now firmly Republican… 2001 Tax Cuts… 2001 Recession…

September 11, 2001 al Qaeda hijacks 4 commercial jets 2 are crashed into the Twin Towers of the World Trade Center in NYC one at 8:46am and one at 9:03am. Both buildings collapse within 2 hours 2,974 people die in these attacks

Jet #3 crashes into the Pentagon at 9:37am Jet #4 was headed for the U.S. capitol………………………………………………………………………………Shanksville, PA 10:03 am

Al Qaeda Khalid Sheik Mohammed Osama Bin Laden

Global War on Terror

Afghanistan: October 7, 2001- Present U.S. led coalition … “Bush Doctrine”…

Problems: Failed to capture Osama bin Laden…. Continued opium production… Resurgence of Taliban activity in remote areas… Obama has stated that more troops will be sent to Afghanistan

Guantanamo Bay, Cuba “Enemy combatants” who have been captured during the War on Terrorism… Allegations of human rights abuses… President Obama…

Iraq: March 20, 2003- Present U.S. led multinational force invades Iraq… “Shock & Awe” tactics….

“Shock & Awe”

Saddam Hussein’s government is toppled quickly ….

Captured in Dec. 2003 Placed on trial by the govt. of Iraq for “crimes against humanity” – murder, torture, illegal arrests, etc. Executed by hanging in Dec. 2006

Election of 2008

War On Terror? “Overseas Contingency Operation” “Enemy Combatants” “Man Caused Disasters”

Election of 2012

Science & Technology – New Economy

A Changing Society

Globalization