Colonial NOTES

COLONIAL REGIONS LIST COLONIES IN EACH MAJOR REGION NEW ENGLAND: Massachusetts, Connecticut, New Hampshire, Rhode Island MIDDLE: New York, New Jersey, Delaware, Pennsylvania SOUTHERN: Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia WHAT CAN INFER ABOUT THE COLONIES NE: (AT LEAST 2) MID: (AT LEAST 2) SOUTHERN: (AT LEAST 2) WHERE DOES COLONIZATION STOP? Appalachian Mountains – back country or piedmont

5. MAJOR REGIONAL EXPORTS 4. ECONOMIES: NEW ENGLAND: shipbuilding, fishing MIDDLE: lumber, ironworks, cattle, LOTSA grain known as the BREADBASKET SOUTHERN: cattle, grain, rice, indigo, tobacco, rivers near settlements (WHY?) primarily CASH CROPS GROWN HERE 5. MAJOR REGIONAL EXPORTS NEW ENGLAND: dried fish/whale oil MIDDLE: grain SOUTHERN: tobacco 6. MAJOR LANDFORMS: NEW ENGLAND: rocky hills/mnts Appalachian mnts MIDDLE: coastal plains SOUTHERN: coastal plains 6. SOIL IN REGIONS: NEW ENGLAND: least fertile, rocky terrain, subsistence farming MIDDLE: moderate/most fertile SOUTHERN: most fertile (overall)

Add to vocabulary Backcountry: a colonial region, found along the Appalachian mountains, on the western part of the New England/Middle/Southern regions Fall line: the point at which a waterfall prevents boats from moving farther upriver Subsistence farming: a farm used to grow just enough crop for your family to eat and maybe a little extra to trade Cottage industries: making products in home Plantation: large farm with slaves

COLONIAL LIFE Life on a farm Life in the cities Rights of colonists 9 out of 10 colonists lived on small family farms Cooking is the most dangerous job on the farm Life in the cities By 1750 1 out 20 colonists lived in the city Waterfront was the heart of the city Rights of colonists Colonists living in New World considered themselves English citizens with the same rights as those in England 1215 people allowed to participate in their government

Rights of colonists continued MAGNA CARTA- “Great Charter” established the idea that power of the monarch is limited Not even the king is above the law Parliament- law making body of English representatives In 1689, Parliament passed English Bill of Rights stating power to make laws and impose taxes belongs to representatives Also includes a list of rights that belonged to the people Politics MAYFLOWER COMPACT- 1st self governing agreement in New World FUNDAMENTAL ORDERS OF CONNECTICUT- 1st written plan of GVT for any colonies guaranteeing all men the right to vote (white, property owners) and outlining powers of general courts

Politics continued Class Religion VIRGINIA HOUSE OF BURGESSES- 1st representative GVT, assembly of elected representatives in 1619 Class What you wore determined class Gentry were wealthy planters Mid class were farmers/artisans Lower class were farmhands/workers @ the bottom were indentured servants and slaves Religion Most important part of colonial life

Religion continued.. Education Services were held in town meetinghouses 1st Great Awakening: religious movement through colonies, people felt like they had lost their faith – preachers traveled from town to town holding sermons, outdoor revivals SPREAD IDEA THAT ALL PEOPLE ARE EQUAL IN THE EYES OF GOD, ENCOURAGES IDEAS OF LIBERTY, EQUALITY, RESISTANCE TO AUTHORITY Education Families in the south hired tutors for their kids since schools were spread out because area is vast Middle colonies had slow educational growth since religion was the focus to be educated – couldn’t pick one religion to focus ALL schools around New England required public schools Schools were one room building with chimneys Boys had educational priority – girls studied basic writing/arithmetic

ADD VOCAB TO JOURNAL Corporate colony: English investors form a joint stock company and pool their money together to create the colony & King gets a % of profits Proprietary colony: King gives a charter to individuals (friends/family) to colonize & King gets a % of profits Self-governing colony: white men who own property elect gvt officials & King gets a % of profits Royal colony: ruled by royal governor, appointed by the king & King gets a % of profits