What is Earth Science? The study of our planet and the universe around us….

Four Parts of Earth Science: Geology—study of our planet

Meteorology—study of our atmosphere

Astronomy—study of Earth’s motions and other objects in space

Oceanography—study of Earth’s oceans

How do we study these four parts? Observations: using your 5 senses (sight, taste, smell, touch, hearing) **instruments can help (telescope, microscope, scale)

Do now... Complete pages 1 and 2 in your notes.

Testing your powers of observation...

From our observations, we can make… Inferences: guesses about “why” an observation happens (like a hypothesis) You observe a person’s Breath—you infer…

Classification: separate things by their traits (“grouping”)

Classification AA. A classification system is based on: shared characteristics B. A classification system enables investigators to: establish relationships between things. We like to stay organized, and compare different and similar things.

Why do we measure objects? To express our observations with greater precision

Linear Measurement The distance between two points. Instrument: Ruler Area: The amount of surface space. Area = l X w

Homework Complete pages 5, 6, and 7 of your note packet. I will check for completion on Monday. Don’t forget that your signed course expectations sheet is due tomorrow.

Usain Bolt!!!!

Measure the classroom... With your deskmate... Measure the classroom using your steps. Remember that number. Share out! Why is it important that we all use a standardized system of measurement??

Basic Units of Measurement (no math!) Length: distance between 2 points (mm, cm, m, km) **we will use the Metric System

The longer lines on the metric ruler are called… centimeters

The shorter lines on the metric ruler are called… millimeters

There are…… 10 millimeters in 1 centimeter 100 centimeters in 1 meter 1,000 millimeters in 1 meter 1,000 meters in 1 kilometer

Measure the turtle from the rear of its shell to the tip of its nose Measure the turtle from the rear of its shell to the tip of its nose. Record its length in both centimeters and millimeters. 10.5 cm 105 mm

Measure the Lines in cm & mm

Derived Units of Measurement (math is used) Area: Length x Width (mm2, m2, km2) Volume: how much space an object takes up (Length x Width x Height) (cm3 ,mL)

Volume of Liquids Instrument: Graduated Cylinder Units: mL

Volume of Rectangular Solids Instrument: Ruler Formula: V= l x w x h Units: cm^3 or m^3 Remember: 1 cm^3 = 1 mL

Finding the Volume using Displacement

Mass: quantity of matter in an object— this is not weight!! (g, kg)

Weight Weight: the gravitational force that is pulling on an object. Instrument: spring scale Units: Metric- g, kg English: lb, oz.

Factors that impact Weight The mass of an object. The amount of gravity acting on an object.

Why is Density Important?

Density: how much “stuff” (mass) is in a certain volume (amount of space) Density = Mass / Volume g/cm3 or g/mL

Density in Relation to Size

What two factors affect density? Temperature *if the temp goes up—density goes down Heat

Density Changes with a Phase Change Gas to liquid—density increases Liquid to solid—density increases

WATER! (because ice floats) **with only one exception, solids are more dense than liquids of the same substance WATER! (because ice floats)

Pressure *if pressure goes up—density goes up Pressure

Temperature: the amount of kinetic energy (K, °F, °C)

Is there error in all measurements? YES!!! Percent Error (Deviation) Difference from Accepted Value Percent Error = --------------------------------------------- x 100 Accepted Value No Neg. Numbers

What is Change? Alteration of the environment …change can be: Instant Over long periods of time

What are the two types of changes? Cyclic Change: events will always repeat themselves in a type of pattern—can be predicted (seasons, moon phases, eclipses)

Non-Cyclic Change: events will not repeat themselves in a pattern—not predictable (earthquakes, weather) **most changes are cyclic and predictable

Rate of Change: how fast or how slow something changes Change in Field Value Rate of Change = ______________________ Time distance, temperature Speed (mph)

Energy Flow and Change…. Interface: boundary between regions with different properties

…and the most important theme all year Dynamic Equilibrium: an attempt to BALANCE the changes taking place

Scientific Notation Formula: M x 10n M = a number anywhere from 1 to 9.99999 n = the number of times the decimal has been moved

Scientific Notation…… If you move the decimal to the left, n is positive If you move the decimal to the right, n is negative