2.11 Forces in Fluids - Review

Match the following terms with the numbers from the chart. Water vapor ________5_________ Liquid Water ________3_________ Ice ________1_________ Heat of Fusion ________2_________ Heat of Vaporization ________4_________

2. What is the difference between the heat of vaporization and heat of fusion? Heat of Fusion – the amount of energy required to change a substance from solid phase to the liquid phase Heat of Vaporization – the amount of energy required for the liquid to become a gas.

3. What are the three assumptions of Kinetic Theory? All matter is composed of small particles (atoms, molecules, and ions) Particles are constant and random. Particles collide with each other transferring kinetic energy.

4. Show the three states of matter, their molecule speeds, and their molecule energies. Solids – slow particles, close together, low energy Liquids – Medium speed particles, medium spacing Gases – fast moving particles, spread out, high energy

5. Label the four phase changes shown and whether they are exothermic and endothermic.

6. What are sublimation and deposition? Sublimation-solid to gas (endo) Deposition-gas to solid (exo)

7. What is absolute zero? The point at which all molecular movement stops -273.15 ˚C

8.Define Diffusion: Diffusion is the spreading of particles throughout a given volume until they are uniformly distributed.

9. Define Pressure The result of a force distributed over a given area.

10. What is the formula for Pressure? Pressure = Force / Area

11. What are the units for pressure? Pascal’s

12. Find the pressure of the following: Force = 500N; Area = 200 m2 Pressure = Force / Area Pressure = 500 N / 200 m2 Pressure = 2.5 Pascal's

13. Explain how pressure in a fluid interacts Pressure increases as depth increases.

14. Explain how the pressure and attitude interact Pressure decreases as the altitude increases

15. Explain Pascal’s principle A change in pressure at any point in a fluid is transmitted equally and unchanged in all directions throughout the fluid.

16. How does Pascal’s Principle explain hydraulic systems? An increased output force is produced because a constant pressure is exerted on the larger area of the output piston.

17. Pascal’s Principle example with Pistons

18. Explain Bernoulli’s principle? As the speed of a fluid increases, the pressure within the fluid decreases

19. How does Bernoulli’s principle help planes fly?

20. Define buoyancy The ability of a fluid to exert an upward force on an object placed in it.

Archimedes’ Principle 21. What is Archimedes’ Principle Archimedes’ Principle The buoyant force of an object is equal to the weight of the fluid displaced by the object

Archimedes’ Principle What is Archimedes’ Principle Archimedes’ Principle

Archimedes’ Principle 22. How are density and buoyancy related? Archimedes’ Principle If an object is less dense than the fluid, it will float If an object is more dense than the fluid, it will sink If the fluid and the object have the same density, the object will be suspended in the fluid

Archimedes’ Principle 23. How does pressure move? Archimedes’ Principle Pressure moves from HIGH to LOW

Density Which liquid has the lowest density? Lamp Oil

Density Which item has the greatest density? Bolt

Egg In the Bottle Where was the high and pressure in this experiment? High - Outside the bottle Low – Inside the bottle