Christian Missionaries and Oregon Pioneers Page 154 Read Current Issues Update

Religions in the Pacific Northwest Roman Catholicism Protestant Mormons Jews Muslims Hinduism and Buddhism

Christian Missionaries Definition of a missionary A person sent on a religious mission To promote Christianity in a foreign country/area

Religion in the World Roughly 7 billion Next come: Roughly 2 billion are Christians Next come: Muslim Hindu Non-religious Buddhist Missionaries are extremely important today

Write Down/Read Keys to Understanding Page 155 Catholic Ladder Catholic Missionaries Lee’s Mission Nez Perce Protestant Missionaries Henry and Eliza Spalding Marcus and Narcissa Whitman Whitman Massacre

Assignment Read pages 155 – 158, Historical Era through the Protestant Mission Objectives

Quiz True or False: The missionary period was between 1834-1847 True or False: There were tons of missionaries in the PNW in 1840 Name one reason that the Christian Missionary Era began in the PNW? Name one of the main reasons Protestants built missions in the PNW.

Missionary Matthew 28:19 "Go therefore and make disciples of all the nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father and the Son and the Holy Spirit”

Missionary Overview – Page 155 Missionary Era – 1834-1847 Roman Catholic and Protestant missionaries Established missions and churches Attempted to convert Native Americans Historical Era Jason Lee’s mission was the first By Salem Marcus and Narcissa Whitman’s deaths ended the period Opened a 30 year period of conflicts Brought advancement to the PNW

Prominent Missionaries Protestant Jason Lee Daniel Lee Henry and Eliza Spalding Whitman's Elkanah and Mary Walker Catholic Father DeSmet Demers Blanchet

Missions Created – Pg. 156

Reasons for the Missionary Period To support local Christians Ex: Hudson’s Bay Company Christianize the Native Americans Ex: Iroquois Indians Read Second to last paragraph on page 158 (Under reasons for missionary period)

Protestant Mission Objectives To Christianize the Native Americans To Civilize N.A. To develop an economic base to support the missionaries To provide religious services (for settlers/traders) To strengthen the claim to Oregon Country (by the U.S.) To spread the Protestant religion before Catholics To educate

Assignment Worksheet

Review Vocab – Read Through Page 155

Protestant Missionary’s Tactics Get people to come to the mission at a central location Get them to live and work at the mission Develop the settlers “accepted practices”

Jason and Daniel Lee What did you have written? Were stationed in the Willamette River Valley area Successful mission Drew other missionaries here Grew area

American Board Missionaries What did you have written? A group of Congregationalists, Dutch Reformers, and Presbyterians Selected missionaries William Gray Henry and Eliza Spalding Marcus and Narcissa Whitman Settled in the Columbia Plateau

The Spalding's What did you have written? Settled in the Nez Perce Successful – Why? Friendliness of the Nez Perce Communication with the Native Americans Ability to teach Relations with other residents at the mission

The Spalding's Ctn. Developed a written alphabet for the Native Americans language Printed parts of the Bible

The Whitman’s What did you have written? Near Walla Walla Focused on Cayuse tribe Created Waiilatpu Mission On the Oregon Trail The Whitman massacre https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1EoP9CORWYQ

Reasons for the downfall of the Whitman's Work? Dr. Whitman’s medical knowledge and aid Waiilatpu’s location on the Oregon Trail and its attraction to immigrating settlers The Whitman’s attempt to covert the Native Americans and “civilize” them Narcissa’s negative attitude toward the local Native Americans

Roman Catholic Missionaries Reasons for Success They did not encourage further immigration into the region The Catholic Ladder Attractive rituals Widespread mission sites They did not emphasize changing the Native American culture Traveled through the Native American tribe, rather than trying to get people to the missions

End of the Missionary Era Ended in 1847 Missionaries contributed to violence for the following 30 years Native Americans were confused by Catholic and Protestant teachings Also animism vs. Christianity Opened up the area to further: Population growth Economic activity

Quiz What Indian tribe did Eliza and Henry Spalding work closely with? Who was massacred by the Cayuse Indians? What was one Protestant Mission Objective? Who started the first mission for the Protestants in the Pacific Northwest? What mission did the Whitman’s build/live at? What was one reason for the Catholic missionary’s success?

Quiz Ctn. Who was one Catholic missionary? What was the name of the group that sent protestant missionaries out? Which area did the Whitmans and Spaldings build their missions? Plateau or Coastal? What is the dominant religion in the PNW today? E.C. How many Native Americans did the Walkers convert?

Oregon Pioneers Read Current Issues Update Page 168

Copy Down Keys to Understanding Page 169 Fort Hall Fort Vancouver Independence Landmarks Oregon Promoters Oregon Trail Overland Trail Willamette River Valley

Assignment Read pages 169 - 172

Review Vocab Read Overview Some review questions from the reading… Page 169 Some review questions from the reading…

What are the 3 historical eras? Natural Era – 500 million years... Native American era – 14,000 years Modern Era – 200 and counting

What 4 countries participated in the exploration period? Spain Great Britain Russia United States

Where were the markets for the fur traders in the world? Asia United States Western Europe

Pioneer Settlers Era: 1840 – 1869 500,000 people (roughly) migrated to Oregon and California Crossed North American continent Sailed around cape horn Where is cape horn? Would you choose California or Oregon?

Reasons to go West Why would people go west? Starting a new life Personal adventure Acquiring wealth by exploiting the region’s untapped resources Increasing one’s political, social, or economic power and influence Acquiring and developing free or inexpensive land Following family members and other friends

Oregon Promoters Explorers and Fur traders Lewis and Clark’s journal Scenic beauty, fertile soils, moderate climate Lewis and Clark’s journal Newspapers and magazines Writers and authors Other independent people

Around the Horn – Pg. 173 Expensive way to travel 3 month journey Started in a big city on the coast Philly Boston Baltimore NYC Landed in San Francisco or at the mouth of the Columbia

Assignment

The Oregon Trail Page 174 https://www.youtube.com/watch ?v=jXjsZc1my1o TAKE NOTES!

Overland What did you have written? It was a tough road Dangers: Expected 5-6 months Heavy snowfall and bitter cold Walked or road for days Dangers: Accidents, diseases, epidemics, wild animals, and attacks from hostile Indians

Oregon Trail What did you have written? Did Lewis and Clark take the easiest journey? Benjamin Bonneville discovered South Pass Others brought the trail further westward Finally Doc Newell and Joe Meek broke through the Blue Mountains

The Oregon Trail Ctd. From Independence, Missouri to Fort Vacouver, Washington and the Willamette River Valley of Oregon Normally left in late Spring 2,170 mile journey

The First Leg – Crossing the Great Plains What was it like? Easy Portion Grasslands of the Great Plains Fresh water Friendly Indians 20 miles a day

The Second Leg – Crossing the Rockies What was it like? Headed towards South Pass Once through = difficulty What was at Fort Hall? The BIG DECISION

California Trail Option What was it like? Crossed Great American Desert Hot and dry Fresh water was hard to come by Sierra Nevada Mountains

Applegate Trail Option Off California Route A route to southern Willamette River Valley

Third Leg – Whitman’s Mission What was it like? Followed Snake River Crossed Blue Mountains Once crossed: Revive at Waiilatpu mission After massacre? Bypassed and connected Columbia River

Fourth Leg – Fort Vancouver and Salem What was it like? Could either follow river by foot or float down Had to portage the Celilo Falls Greeted by McLoughlin at the Fort Advised going south to: Willamette River Valley

Honoring the Pioneers Tough people Reasons for going/success 2,000ish miles of hardship Reasons for going/success Economic opportunity Free land and gold Achieved greater independence A new life Higher socioeconomic status

Assignment Read 174 – 182 All of the yellow boxes: Across the Plains to Washington The Oregon Trail The Continental Divide The Snake River: Across the Plains Across the Plains

Quiz 1.

Groups for Oregon Trail Project Emily and Reese – Group of 30 people Madison and Chance – Chances twin brother and wife and 1 child each Destiny and Ross – Just the two of them Sailor and Seth – Group of 20 people Lane and Hollie – Lanes twin brother and wife and 2 children each Alyssa and Jacob – Grandparents and 3 kids Cobi and Erik – 8 children Tyler, Cade, and Luke – 3 brothers