BIOLOGY TUTORIAL 1 PRESENTED BY: NUR FARAH HAZWANI RAZALI IZYAN ATIQAH ABDUL RAZAK NURUL YASARA BINTI MOHD HASHIM @ MOHD YASIN WAN MUHAMMAD AFIQ BIN WAN MUHD AYUB SITI AISHAH BINTI RAHMAN HASIFAH BINTI ABD AZIZ

QUESTION Microalgae are eukaryotic microorganisms typically found in marine and fresh water systems. Microalgae are photosynthetic microorganisms. Microalgal biomass has the potential to be used as commercial for biofuels and premium bioproducts production. By using the knowledge that you learn during lecture ( chapter 1- scientific Method flow diagram), create a scientific proposal presentation describing about your research to BOOST the GROWTH of MICROALGAE using NOVELTY NUTRIENT. Nutrients are important to increase the biomass of the microalgae therefore able to yield high productivity of biofuel and high value products.

WHAT IS ALGAE Algae are organisms that are ‘ like ‘plants and vegetables. They are commonly found living in the sea, rivers, lakes or ponds.

WHAT IS ALGAE There are two types of algae. Macro-algae and MICRO- ALGAE. MICRO ALGAE are eukaryotic microorganisms Eukaryotic cells contain other membrane- bound organelles such as mitochondria and the Golgi apparatus. In addition, plants and algae contain chloroplasts.

Algae make energy from the sun. Most microalgae grow through photosynthesis – by converting sunlight, CO2 and a few nutrients, including nitrogen and phosphorous , into material known as biomass. This is called “autotrophic” growth. Other algae can grow in the dark using sugar or starch (called “heterotrophic” growth), or even combine both growth modes (called “mixotrophic” growth).

Nutrients contains calcium, phosphorus, iron and many other mineral elements, but is also rich in β-carotene, pantothenic acid, folic acid, biotin, vitamin complexes A, B, C and E. Vitamin B12 and iron values are higher in microalgae than our livers, and the calcium values are higher than that of milk!

IMPORTANT COMPONENT The important component of micro algae are : lipid and protein. Biomass of microalgae contains protein ( 30- 50%), carbohydrates ( 20-40%) and lipids ( 8-15 %)

BIOFUEL Demand for energy is increasing incredibly,especially in recent decades. Environmental problems are also important issues to be concerned with. So renewable and low pollution energy must be explored. Biofuel is considered a potential alternative fuel.

Biofuel are environment friendly. Biofuel no need to face the shortage ,it can be supplied sustainably. Biofuel has great potential in the energy market since the price of fossil fuel will be incredibly high on its shortage.

MICROALGAE BIOFUEL Microalgae biofuel is one of technology in biodiesel field and lot of researchers use microalgae to produce chemicals , oils and polysacharide. With photosynthesis, microalgae absorb light to produce oil. Its efficiency is much better than crops plant and The capacity of producing oil is better than crops plant.

If use microalgae as biofuel source the required area of land is as low as 1% to 2.5 %.

So… microalgae is most efficient in producing oil compared to other crops plant. The higher the quantity of algae, the higher the productivity of oil. But HOW to boost the growth of microalgae using novelty nutrients using scientific method?

SCIENTIFIC METHOD

OBSERVATION BASED ON PREVIOUS DATA Carbonated water contains macronutrients essential to plant growth.

HYPOTHESIS Carbonated water can boost growth of micro algae.

EXPERIMENT 1 Objective To determine wether carbonated water can boost growth of microalgae or not. Materials and apparatus Two sets of 250 mL beaker Microalgae stock media

Photobioreactor: Bioreaction that utilized a light source to cultivate phototropic microorganisms. This microorganism use photosynthesis to generate biomass from light and carbon dioxide include plants.

Spectrophotometer: Spectrophotometers measure light intensity as a function of wavelength and are commonly used to measure the concentration of a compound in an aqueous solution

PROCEDURE 1 Place 10 mL of microalgae from medium stock and put it into two beakers which are beaker A contains carbonated water and bold’s basal medium and beaker B contain bold’s basel medium as a control. 2 P0ur beaker A into photobioreactor 1 and beaker B in photobiareactor 2. 3 Make sure all the temperature, light intensity and aeration are constant.

4 Check biomass of both sample day by day by using spectrophotometer 5 To get the best result, conduct this experiment within 20 days and record biomass of both sample. 6 Compare the value of biomass obtained within 20 days by plotting the graph.

7 Optimum condition will determine higher growth rate.

SCIENTIFIC THEORY Carbonated water can boost growth of microalgae and produce more oil to form biofuel compared to uncarbonated water