Chapter 30 THE NEW FRONTIER AND THE GREAT SOCIETY The American Nation 9/14/2018 Chapter 30 THE NEW FRONTIER AND THE GREAT SOCIETY Section 1: Kennedy and the Cold War Section 2: The Kennedy White House Section 3: Johnson’s Great Society CHAPTER 30--THE NEW FRONTIER AND THE GREAT SOCIETY

Objectives: Section 1: Kennedy and the Cold War How did television coverage influence the presidential election of 1960? How did President Kennedy plan to stop the spread of communism? Why did the Bay of Pigs invasion of Cuba fail? How did the Cuban missile crisis almost lead to war?

Television coverage and the election of 1960 Section 1: Kennedy and the Cold War Television coverage and the election of 1960 Prior to debates, Nixon led in the polls. Debates showed Kennedy vibrant and Nixon tired. Radio listeners thought Nixon had won, but TV viewers thought Kennedy won. Kennedy won election by narrow margin.

The Kennedy-Nixon Debates

The Election of 1960

Kennedy’s plan to stop communism Section 1: Kennedy and the Cold War Kennedy’s plan to stop communism The strategy was called flexible response. Military actions included the Bay of Pigs invasion. Non-military programs included the Peace Corps and economic aid such as Alliance for Progress.

The Peace Corps

The Berlin Wall (Summer-Fall 1961) Soviet-Communist action Wanted to stop the brain drain of eastern Europe Best and brightest in east Europe would exit communist eastern Europe for better paying jobs in West Realized that Berlin was a weak point for America Demanded that the west leave Berlin Cut off West Berlin from East Berlin with barricades Barrier made permanent Cement Wall American-Western Response Reluctant to risk war in Berlin Kennedy relieved that Soviets build wall, He would not need to risk war Kennedy used the wall as a metaphor for the failure of Communism “Icht ein Berliner” Wall came down 7 November 1989-End of the Cold War- Germany united

The Berlin Wall

Berlin Wall

Failure of the Bay of Pigs invasion Section 1: Kennedy and the Cold War Failure of the Bay of Pigs invasion strong Cuban counterattacks absence of a popular revolt lack of air strikes lack of naval and air support Significant military debacle (Huge mistake) Drove Castro closer to the Soviets

The Cuban missile crisis Section 1: Kennedy and the Cold War The Cuban missile crisis Soviet Union installed offensive missiles in Cuba. 14 October: Spy plane discovers missile building in Cuba Soviets Khrushchev: You have missiles in Turkey. We will leave Cuba if you leave Turkey Missiles in Turkey were obsolete Kennedy refuses: Russian blackmail American policy choices: Bomb the site? No: Cuban Pearl Harbor- Could hasten nuclear war Quarantine? Cut Cuba off from Soviet ships- Yes.

Spy-plane (U2) image of the Soviet Missiles

Resolution: Cuban Missile Crisis 22 October: Kennedy announced the quarantine 24 October: Soviet ships turn away from Cuba Khrushchev sends two notes to Kennedy. First note offered compromise Second note sent later that day took a harder line Kennedy chose to ignore second note Kennedy secretly offer to remove missiles in Turkey next spring Crisis defused Creation of a direct hot line between the Kremlin (seat of Soviet government) and Washington Limited Nuclear Test Ban Treaty (1963)

Tasks 1. Peace Corps 2. The Space Program 3. The Bay of Pigs 4. The Cuban Missile Crisis