BELLWORK: 12/7 Read pages 252-256 on the long term causes of the Chinese Civil War. Explain the two sides of the conflict. Explain social life under Manchu rule. List five effects of European imperialism in China. Describe the effects of the Double Tenth Revolution. Did it solve the problems in China? Why or why not? Who was Sun Yixian? What were his goals for China? THINKER: In your opinion, what was the biggest problem China faced during this period? Was there any way to resolve it peacefully?

The Chinese Civil War (1927-1937 & 1946-1949) A Civil War Case Study

Brief Overview of the CCW Ideological divisions: (Left vs. Right) between the Communist CCP, and the Nationalist GMD Both groups originally united in 1922 with support of USSR (overthrow dynasty) Eventually, communism increased in popularity, which threatened nationalist goals – GMD turned against the CCP in 1927 Fought for control until Japan invaded Manchuria in 1937; resumed post-WWII Resulted in two states, the Republic of China (ROC) in Taiwan and the People's Republic of China (PRC) in mainland China, both claiming to be the legitimate government of China Both sides carried out mass atrocities and murders of civilians: death toll ranges between 1.8 million and 3.5 million people Brief Overview of the CCW

Describe the two sides of the conflict.

People Involved Mao Zedong Supported by USSR and peasants Led Chinese Communist Party (CCP) Supported by USSR and peasants

People Involved Jiang Jieshi (Chiang Kai-Shek) Led Nationalist Party: Guomindang (GMD) Supported by US

Explain social life under Manchu rule.

List five effects of European imperialism in China

Describe the effects of the Double Tenth Revolution Describe the effects of the Double Tenth Revolution. Did it solve the problems in China? Why or why not?

Who was Sun Yixian? What were his goals for China? 3 Principles of GMD: Democracy Nationalism People’s livelihood (economic reform & land redistribution…. USSR viewed as socialism) Yuan Shikai

Short-Term Causes (pgs. 256-258) Regionalism May 4th Movement Creation of the CCP First United Front Northern Expedition

Regionalism & warlords

May 4th Movement University students burn Japanese goods Protests against the Treaty of Versailles University students burn Japanese goods Student protest during May 4th Movement

CCP created in 1921

Influence of the USSR & Comintern Influence of USSR Comintern Communist International: organization formed in Moscow in 1919 Goal was to spread communism and overthrow the international bourgeoisie Funded international revolts to increase communism Dissolved by Stalin in 1943 Sun Yixian & Jiang Jieshi; founders of the Whampoa Military Academy in Moscow. Funded by USSR & used to train GMD officers

First United Front

Northern Expedition

Break up of United Front & “purification movement” The former GMD headquarters in Taipei City; seen as a symbol of the party's wealth and dominance

Homework: due tomorrow! Read/annotate pages 261-268 Stop at the “Sino-Japanese War”

BELLWORK 12/8: Document Analysis FUN! Read documents A-C on page 262-263 in CCW packet. Then, answer questions 1-4 for bellwork.

Northern Expedition

Immediate Cause (1927): GMD attacks CCP! What united the CCP and the GMD – fight against warlords – was over Ideological differences now apparent Popular support (peasants) for CCP  angered Jiang (support from landlords/middle class) “Purification Movement:” Massacre communists (1/4 million killed by GMD) CCP fled to mountains for safety  GMD pursued them  CIVIL WAR!

Jiangxi Soviet: Mao est Jiangxi Soviet: Mao est. communist province & organized idea of revolutionary role of peasants (Began recruiting and training!)

Divisions within the CCP & Mao’s goals Discuss: How were Mao’s strategies different than traditional Marxism?

CCP Fighting Strategy Mao on Guerilla Warfare Mao’s Plan for Revolutionary Warfare (pgs. 266-267) “The enemy advances, we retreat; the enemy halts, we harass; the enemy tires, we attack; the enemy retreats, we pursue.” Depending on support, education & training of peasants! Setting up base areas Organization phase Defending the bases Guerrilla phase Protracted war Seizing power

Discussion Explain the causes/effects of the Long March.

Five Encirclement Campaign Jiang’s plan to destroy communists = circle areas of support to cut off supplies and resources.

The Long March

The Long March became a mythologized episode in Chinese history and a huge morale boost! https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zcnyWATTxYI Stop at 4:10!

Yay Chinese nationalism!

Why was the CCP able to survive the first stage of the Civil War? CCP Strengths GMD Weaknesses Long March Propaganda Increased support for fighting Japanese & aligning with GMD Dedicated soldiers Fighting tactics Poor treatment of peasants Lost support for not fighting Japanese Failure to implement Sun’s 3 principles of democracy Assumed the US would aide in Japanese loss

CCP GMD Description Advantages/ Strengths Disadvantages/ Weaknesses Strategies & Goals

HOMEWORK Pages 268-270 Due MONDAY!

Short-Term Causes (pgs. 256-258) Why was regionalism a problem? Include warlords! Describe the Comintern. What was their role in the Chinese Civil War? Explain the First United Front. Include reasons they united, as well as, reasons they dismantled. What was the Jiangxi Soviet? How did the GMD attempt to exterminate them? Were they successful? Why or why not? Describe the strategies of the GMD & Red Army.

Review Game: Pig Farm

Review Game…. Still thinking of a name Divide into teams One person will give clues, the other will guess clues All terms relate to long/short term causes of the CCW You cannot spell the word, say any part of the word, act out, point, etc. Whichever team guesses the most terms correctly in three minutes will win extra credit!

United Front

Manchu Rule

Guomindang

Sun Yixian

Warlords

Peasants

Chinese Communist Party

“Three Principles”

May Fourth Movement

Jiangxi Soviet

Regionalism

Northern Expedition

Comintern

Mao Zedong

Purification Movement

Spheres of Influence

Red Army

Guerrilla Warfare