Qualitative Analysis Reactions that produce an INSOLUBLE SALT.

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Presentation transcript:

Qualitative Analysis Reactions that produce an INSOLUBLE SALT

Cations and Anions When ionic compounds are dissolved into a solution they form cations and anions Cations (like metals ions) have a positive charge Anions (like non-metal groups) have negative charges

Remember! Metal ion Result of adding NaOH (aq) Cu2+ Fe2+ Fe3+ You will need to remember the colour of the precipitate formed for these metals? REMEMBER: Common hydroxides are INSOLUBLE so they form precipitates Metal ion Result of adding NaOH (aq) Cu2+ Fe2+ Fe3+ Pale blue precipitate of Cu(OH)2 Dirty green precipitate of Fe(OH)2 Rusty brown precipitate of Fe(OH)3

Tests for cations (+ve ions) Li+, Na+, K+, Ca2+ using flame tests NH4+ using NaOH(aq) Cu2+, Fe2+ and Fe3+ using NaOH(aq)

Testing for NH4+ (“ammonium ion”) Add NaOH (aq) Warm gently Test gas given off with damp red litmus paper Ammonia gas is given off which turns the damp red litmus paper BLUE Does anyone know why the litmus paper changes colour?

Testing for Cl- ions Add SMALL amounts of silver nitrate solution to salts containing halogen ions that have been dissolved in dilute nitric acid. Type of ion (dissolved in HNO3(aq)) Result of adding dilute silver nitrate Cl- White precipitate of silver chloride

Testing for sulphate ions SO42-(aq) Add SMALL amounts of barium chloride solution to salts containing sulphate ions that have been dissolved in dilute hydrochloric acid. If sulphate ions are present, a white precipitate of barium sulphate is formed.

Testing for NO3- (nitrate ions) Add NaOH (aq) Add some SMALL pieces of aluminium foil Warm gently Test gas given off with damp red litmus paper Ammonia gas is given off which turns the damp red litmus paper BLUE

Testing for carbonate ions CO32-(aq) Add dilute hydrochloric acid See if it is effervescent (fizzes due to carbon dioxide gas being given off)

Testing for anions - Summary Chloride (Cl-) using dilute nitric acid and silver nitrate solution Sulphate (SO42-) using dilute hydrochloric acid and barium chloride solution Carbonate (CO32-) using dilute hydrochloric acid and identifying the carbon dioxide evolved Nitrate (NO3-) using NaOH and aluminum, then warming gently