TS5 vs TS3 (Lince vs Lupa) 5µ pixel vs 14µ pixel June 2016

TS3 sensor area is 7.84 times as big as the TS5’s! Let’s assume TS3 should have: At least several times the sensitivity Larger well capacity = higher dynamic range Lower noise We easily compute the format difference: TS3: 4/3” format @ 1280 x 1024 TS5: 1/2” format @ 1280 x 1024 (1” format full res or 1280 x 1024 with 2x binning or sub-sampling)

What format is better? Portrait Photographers and Cinematographers prefer: Large formats and long lenses Do not want to distort the perspective on a face! Prefer to compress, rather than exaggerate perspective Wish to control shallow depth of field in order to draw audience to focus (literally) Landscape and News Photographers (and most people on the street prefer: Smaller formats and wider lenses Want everything in focus (large DOF) Often OK to distort perspective to make things look dramatic

What about for High-Speed? High-speed cameras are seldom used for Cinematography or portraits! High-speed events often include objects that do not behave in predictable ways—very often move out of focus easily High-speed camera operation demands usually demands as much DOF as possible! Distortion of perspective is taken into account for motion analysis

How does format relate to DOF? Smaller format means that you use shorter lenses for the same FOV Shorter lenses have greater depth of field Shorter lenses are often faster (have a lower f-stop wide-open) Basic rules: Lens Focal length for a given FOV is proportional to pixel size Iris diameter (not f-stop) remains constant for the same resolution & DOF as pixel sizes change Given two cameras with different pixels: sensitivity must be proportional to pixel area for the two to produce the same DOF at the same illumination (different focal-length lenses and f-stop)

How does format relate to DOF?

5 Series/3 Series/HiSpec Comparison Pixel Sizes of Cameras Pixel size Area Sensor Full Well QE Sensitivity Dynamic Range FPN PRNU Bits TS5/IL5 5 µ 25 µ2 Lince 5M 19 Ke-   6V/lux-s 58/61/63dB 0.10% 0.50% 12 TS/IL3/4 HS1/2 14 196 Lupa 1300-2 30 Ke- 10.16V/lux-s 58dB 2% 1% 10 HS 4/5 8 64 Lupa 3000A 27 Ke- 2.8V/lux-s 60.3dB 1.70% 2.20% Checking our assumptions: At least several times the sensitivity TS3/IL3 has higher sensitivity, but not enough to offset the size—in order to perform as well as the TS5/IL5 it would need almost 4x the sensitivity that it has! Larger well capacity = higher dynamic range The older-technology sensors do not have higher dynamic range despite their size Lower noise The newer sensor has lower noise as well!

How does Magnification Play into this? As magnification increases, so does the need for speed! An object at a given speed will move across a FOV at a rate proportional to the system magnification Many applications such as animal locomotion studies, animal neurological studies, and all microscopy applications including microfluidics require high system magnification Given the same optics, a camera with smaller pixels will produce proportionately higher system magnifications than a camera with larger pixels Many optical systems, including microscopes, will not support the image circle required by cameras with larger sensors

Added Flexibility Binning and Sub-sampling features TS5/IL5 cameras have 5µ pixels that have the advantage of higher DOF using shorter lenses for a given FOV at a given distance Binning and sub-sampling features for resolutions 1280 x 1024 and below allow the user the option of selecting effective 10µ or 20µ pixel format for added flexibility When lens choice is limited and a wider angle of view is needed When a shallow depth of field is needed When increased dynamic range is needed: 58Db (8-bit); 61Db (10-bit); 63Db (12-bit)