FCE USE OF ENGLISH CONDITIONAL CLAUSES

They often behave badly CONDITIONAL CLAUSES:ZERO CONDITIONAL WHEN THE SUN SHINES. PEOPLE FEEL HAPPY IF YOU EAT THE RIGHT FOOD, YOU STAY HEALTHY IF YOU HEAT ICE. IT TURNS TO WATER Zero conditional are used to express “general truths”. ZERO CONDITIONALS use THE PRESENT TENSE in both parts of the sentence. Both parts of the sentence can be in either order. CONDITION CONSEQUENCE IF / PRESENT TENSE If children are bored PRESENT TENSE They often behave badly

CONDITIONAL CLAUSES: FIRST CONDITIONAL IF I have enough money next year, I’ll buy a house IF I have enough money next year, I can buy a house Do I have real possibilities of buying a house? YES 1.FIRST CONDITIONAL : (POSSIBLE SITUATIONS). The first conditional talks about possible future actions. The verb in the main clause is the PRESENT SIMPLE The verb in the main clause (consequence) is in the future with WILL. (We can use other modal verbs such as can/ may) CONDITION CONSEQUENCE IF / SIMPLE PRESENT If I study more WILL/CAN + INFINITIVE I will pass my exams

WOULD/ COULD + infinitive CONDITIONAL CLAUSES: 2ND CONDITIONAL IF I won the lotto, I’d give up work. IF I knew to speak French, I COULD work in France. Do I have real possibilities of giving up work? NO 2. SECOND CONDITIONAL (UNREAL SITUATIONS) The second conditional talks about imaginary or unreal situations. The verb in the main clause (CONDITION) is the SIMPLE PAST The verb in the main clause (consequence) is in the CONDITIONAL WITH WOULD. (We can use other modal verbs such as could/ might) CONDITION CONSEQUENCE IF / SIMPLE PAST If I studied more WOULD/ COULD + infinitive I would pass my exams

CONDITIONAL CLAUSES: 3RD CONDITIONAL IF I had called Tom before, he wouldn’t have come here in vane. IF she had woken up earlier, she wouldn’t have missed the bus. Does she have any possibility of taking the bus on time? NO. THE ACTION IS PAST 3. THIRD CONDITIONAL: (CONDITIONS IN THE PAST) The third conditional expresses actions that could have been done in the past and it is impossible to do it in the present because the moment passed by. These conditional clauses are called IMPOSSIBLE conditional clauses because there’s nothing that the speaker can do to change the situation. The verb in the main clause (CONDITION) is the PAST PERFECT The verb in the main clause (consequence) is in the PRESENT PERFECT CONDITIONAL (WOULD HAVE+PAST PARTICIPLE) CONDITION CONSEQUENCE IF / HAD + PAST PARTICIPLE If I had studied more WOULD/ COULD HAVE + PAST PARTICIPLE I would have passed my exams

CONDITIONAL CLAUSES: MIXED CONDITIONAL IF I you hadn’t stayed late last night, you wouldn’t be tired now. 4. MIXED CONDITIONAL (2nd and 3rd CONDITIONALS): The mixed conditional is used to talk about actions that happened in the past that result in something that isn’t true or is true in the present . The verb in the main clause (CONDITION) is the PAST PERFECT The verb in the main clause (consequence) is in the PRESENT CONDITIONAL (WOULD + INFINITIVE) CONDITION CONSEQUENCE IF / HAD + PAST PARTICIPLE If you hadn’t drunk so much yesterday WOULD+INFINITIVE You wouldn’t be so bad today

CONDITIONAL CONJUNTIONS UNLESS: unless has a negative meaning, so the condition has an affirmative verb: If you don’t help me, I wont pass the exam. UNLESS I won’t pass the exam UNLESS you help me. 2. AS LONG AS/ PROVIDED (THAT)/ PROVIDING (THAT) + any tense. For strong conditions. (si y solo si) As long as you pass this exam, you will go to university. I let you go out provided (that) you come back at twelve.

2nd and 3rd CONDITIONAL CLAUSES: FORMAL STRUCTURES: INVERSIONS 1. Normal Conditionals: If I had enough time, I’d read more books. (2nd conditional) If we had called earlier, we’d have book better tickets. (3rd conditional) 2. INVERSIONS: Had I enough time, I’d read more. Had we called earlier, we’d…. WHAT HAPPENED? In formal language, English uses INVERSIONS with conditional meaning by keeping the word order of the QUESTIONS: AUXILIARY VERB+SUBJECT+MAIN VERB. We would’t have missed the bus if we had left earlier. LEFT Had…………………………………………………………., we wouldn’t have left the bus. WE LEFT EARLIER

INVERSIONS IN ADVERBIAL SENTENCES ADVERBS: SCARCELY + PAST PERFECT HARDLY +PAST PERFECT BARELY + WHEN CLAUSE NORMAL SENTENCE: HARDLY we had left, WHEN the thieves broke into our house. INVERSION: HARDLY had we left, WHEN the thieves….. REMEMBER: INVERSIONS USE THE QUESTION FORM OF THE VERB

INVERSIONS IN ADVERBIAL SENTENCES WITH FREQUENCY ADVERBS: RARELY + PRESENT SIMPLE SELDOM +PRESENT SIMPLE NEVER +PRESENT PERFECT NORMAL SENTENCE: I rarely eat pasta before going to bed. I’ve never heard such an unbelievable story before . INVERSIONS: RARELY do I eat pasta…. NEVER HAVE I HEARD such an unbelievable….. REMEMBER: INVERSIONS USE THE QUESTION FORM OF THE VERB

INVERSIONS WITH OTHER ADVERBIAL WORDS/PHRASES WITH NOT ONLY….BUT ALSO….. Example: Not only you arrived late, but also you made a lot of noise. INVERSION (only the 1st adverbial clause): Not only DID you arrive late, but also you made….. REMEMBER: INVERSIONS USE THE QUESTION FORM OF THE VERB

INVERSIONS WITH OTHER ADVERBIAL WORDS/PHRASES WITH NO SOONER…..THAN…. Example: NO SOONER WE HAD SET OUT, THAN we got a flat tyre. INVERSION (only the adverbial clause): NO SOONER HAD WE SET OUT, THAN…. REMEMBER: INVERSIONS USE THE QUESTION FORM OF THE VERB

CONDITIONALS: PRACTICE She remembers Lucy’s birthday because Kate reminds her every year If……………………………………………………………………………………………………….. We are going to the concert because Tim comes with us They don’t speak to Sara since they are angry with her. You can’t leave if you don’t finish your homework. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………… IF KATE DIDN’T REMIND HER LUCY’S BIRTHDAY, SHE WOULDN’T REMEMBER IT TOM DIDN’T COME WITH US WE WOULD NOT GO TO HE CONCERT THEY WEREN’T ANGRY WITH SARA, HEY WOULD SPEAK TO HER YOU CAN’T LEAVE UNLESS YOU FINISH YOUR HOMEWORK

USE OF ENGLISH, PART 4. CONDITIONALS 1.Parking is impossible if you arrive late. ARRIVE It’s impossible to park…………………….……………. ……..early. 2. We are cold because we forgot to bring our coats. IF We…………………………………….we hadn’t forgotten our coats. 3. This mistake was caused by you being careless MADE If you hadn’t been careless, you ……………………………………..the mistake. UNLESS YOU ARRIVE WOULDN’T BE COLD IF WOULD NOT HAVE MADE

USE OF ENGLISH, PART 4. CONDITIONALS 5. I might go to live in Australia but I’ll have to find a job first. PROVIDED I won’t live in Australia……………………………………………..a job first 6. It doesn’t matter if it rains cats and dogs tomorrow because we are going to play the match anyway. EVEN We’ll play the match ………………………………………cats and dogs. 7.You didn’t call me and that’s why you don’t know about the party. KNOW If you had called me, ………………………………………………….about the party. PROVIDED (THAT) I FIND EVEN IF IT RAINS YOU WOULD KNOW