What were the consequences of the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan?

Learning objective – to be able to explain the impact of the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan on the Cold War. I can describe the consequences of the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan in 1979. Grade D I can explain the consequences of the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan in 1979. Grade B I can evaluate the consequences of the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan in 1979. Grade A

Starter This word cloud is in the shape of Jimmy Carter. During the presentation, list the words you can spot in the word cloud and explain why it relates to this lesson.

What were the key consequences of the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan in 1979? Carter’s reaction End of Détente End of SALT II

The Carter Doctrine - 1980 Why? Carter was appalled by Soviet aggression in Afghanistan and realised he needed to take a tougher stance against the Soviet Union – especially when the Iran hostage crisis was unresolved and there was a presidential election at the end of 1980. What? The Carter Doctrine was a statement that Jimmy Carter made in taking a tougher stance against the Soviet Union. On the face of it the statement referred to refusing to allow the Soviet Union to take control of the oil-rich Middle East, but in reality took a broader scope as it encompassed the refusal to ratify SALT II, participate in the 1980 Moscow Olympics and supported Afghan rebels. Significant? The Carter Doctrine marked the end of détente and a more confrontational era of the Cold War.

How did Jimmy Carter respond to the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan? Ended diplomatic relations – Furious with the Soviet actions, Carter ended diplomatic relations with the USSR. Support for Afghan rebels – Allied with China and Israel, the USA supported Afghan rebels opposed to the Soviet invasion. The USA began to train and arm Afghan rebels who called themselves the Mujahideen to fight Soviet forces. Economic sanctions – Carter stopped all trade with the Soviet Union.

What was the impact of the Carter Doctrine? The end of SALT II – The US Senate refused to ratify the SALT II treaty signed by Carter and Brezhnev in 1979. Therefore, it never became law. Increased defence spending – Carter increased defence spending by 5%. Alongside this, Carter ordered for plans to be drawn up for surviving a nuclear war with the Soviet Union as well as allowing the CIA to increase its intelligence gathering activities. Carter loses the 1980 Presidential Election – Carter failed to stop the Soviet invasion and solve the Iran hostage situation. This was seen as weakness and he lost the 1980 election to Ronald Reagan.

The Olympic boycott - 1980 Why? A controversial decision, Carter withdrew the USA team from the 1980 Moscow Olympics in response to the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan. What? The withdrawal the USA Olympic team severely weakened the event in Moscow, especially as 60 countries followed America’s lead, including China and West Germany. The USA set up an alternative games called the Olympic Boycott Games held in Philadelphia and ridiculed the Moscow Olympics. Significant? The Soviet Union responded in kind by boycotting the Los Angeles Olympics in 1984 alongside 14 Communist countries. Détente was truly dead.

Task Draw the table below and list the significance of each event in the indicated column. Each event is a consequence of the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan and the end of détente. Event Consequence Soviet invasion of Afghanistan The Carter Doctrine Broke diplomatic relations between the USA and the Soviet Union. End of SALT II Increased US defence spending Increase of 5% in defence spending. 1980 Olympic Boycott Weakened the 1980 Moscow Olympics as an international event.

Extension Task Using your completed table, answer the following exam style questions – Describe the key features of the Carter Doctrine. Outline two reasons why détente ended in 1980. Explain why relations between the USA and the Soviet Union changed in the years 1979 to 1981. You may use the following in your answer and must also include information of your own. The Soviet invasion of Afghanistan. The end of the SALT II.

Plenary This word cloud is in the shape of Jimmy Carter. Which word is the most significant in the word cloud? Explain your answer.