NATIONAL MOVEMENT AND MAHATMA GANDHI METHODS ADOPTED BY GANDHI IN THE NATIONAL MOVEMENT [SATYAGRAHA & SWADESHI] THE CAUSES FOR THE NON-COOPERATION MOVEMENT THE SIGNIFICANCE OF THE NON-COOPERATION MOVEMENT SWARAJISTS, SIMON COMMISSION, NEHRU REPORT, LAHORE SESSION, POORNA SWARAJ DEMAND, CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE MOVEMENT.

GANDHI’S TECHNIQUES OF MASS MOBILISATION SATYAGRAHA – TWO ELEMENTS INCLUDED – TRUTH & NON- VIOLENCE A SATYAGRAHI REFUSES TO ACCEPT WHAT IS WRONG REMAINS PEACEFUL EVEN ON EXTREME PROVOCATION DOES NOT HATE THE EVIL DOER BUT HATES EVIL WOULD TRY TO AROUSE THE CONSCIENCE OF THE WRONG DOER BY NOT INFLICTING PAIN BUT BY RATHER ACCEPTING SUFFERINGS HIMSELF. WOULD GIVE UP FEAR, HATRED AND FALSEHOOD

GANDHI’S DOCTRINE OF AHIMSA OR NON-VIOLENCE FOLLOWING NON-VIOLENCE DID NOT MEAN BEING A COWARD. IT IS SUPERIOR TO BRUTE FORCE. SHOULD BE PREPARED TO SACRIFICE EVERYTHING BUT HONOUR. NON- VIOLENCE SHOULD PERVADE THE WHOLE BEING AND NOT BE APPLIED TO ISOLATED ACTS. WAS VOLUNTARY SUBMISSION TO PENALTY FOR NON-COOPERATION WITH EVIL.

GANDHI’S DOCTRINE OF SWADESHI USING THINGS PRODUCED WITHIN THE COUNTRY SELF –SUPPORTING VILLAGES REVIVAL OF COTTAGE INDUSTRY REMOVE GROWING POVERTY USED SPINNING WHEEL [ CHARKHA] AS THE SYMBOL OF REGENERATION OF INDIAN VILLAGES.

GANDHI’S TRIAL & ERROR USAGE OF SATYAGRAHA CHAMPARAN – INDIGO CULTIVATORS AHMEDABAD MILL STRIKE KHEDA – FIGHT FOR THE PEASANTS

CAUSES FOR NON-COOPERATION MOVEMENT ROWLATT ACT JALLIANWALLA BAGH MASSACRE FAILURE OF BRITISH TO FULFIL WARTIME PROMISES KHILAFAT MOVEMENT

WITHDRAWAL OF NON-COOPERATION MOVEMENT CHAURI CHAURA INCIDENT GANDHI REALISED THAT PEOPLE WERE NOT READY FOR A NON- VIOLENT MOVEMENT DIFFICULT TO SUSTAIN A LARGE SCALE MOVEMENT FOR A MUCH LONGER TIME

Impact of the Non-cooperation Movement CONGRESS BECAME A MASS PARTY PEOPLE WERE READY FOR A MASS MOVEMENT HINDU MUSLIM UNITY LACK OF FEAR OF GOVERNMENT REPRESSION POWER OF THE BRITISH UNDERMINED SOCIAL REFORMS TOOK PLACE NEW TECHNIQUES OF STRUGGLE WERE EVOLVED

CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE MOVEMENT CAUSES SIMON COMMISSION AND DEATH OF LALA LAJPAT RAI NEHRU REPORT – GANDHI’S FAVOURING DOMINION STATUS- MOVEMENT TO BE LAUNCHED IF DOMINION STATUS NOT GIVEN WITHIN ONE YEAR ARREST OF GANDHI IRWIN STATEMENT CONGRESS DEMAND FROM FIRST ROUND TABLE CONFERENCE LAHORE SESSION – POORNA SWARAJ GANDHI’S ELEVEN POINTS ULTIMATUM NOT AGREED TO

CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE MOVEMENT GANDHI MADE SALT THE CENTRE OF THE MOVEMENT DANDI MARCH – FROM SABARMATI ASHRAM, AHMEDABAD TO DANDI COAST TO BREAK SALT LAW LIQUOR AND FOREIGN CLOTHES BOYCOTTED REFUSAL TO PAY TAXES LAWYERS TO GIVE UP PRACTICE BOYCOTT OF COURT LITIGATION GOVERNMENT SERVANTS TO RESIGN

FIRST ROUND TABLE CONFERENCE HELD AT LONDON – EXCEPT CONGRESS ALL OTHER PARTIES SENT REPRESENTATIVES BRITISH REALISED – NO EFFECTIVE DISCUSSION WITHOUT CONGRESS GANDHI IRWIN PACT – RELEASE OF GANDHI AND OTHER CONGRESS LEADERS / AGREEMENT TO RELEASE POLITICAL PRISONERS NOT INVOLVED I VIOLENCE / RIGHT TO MAKE SALT ALONG COASTAL AREAS / PEACEFUL BOYCOTT TO BE ALLOWED / EMERGENCY ORDINANCES TO BE WITHDRAWN GANDHI WITHDRAWS THE MOVEMENT AND AGREES TO GO FOR THE SECOND ROUND TABLE CONFERENCE TO DISCUSS ON PROSPECT OF INDEPENDENCE TO INDIA

SECOND ROUND TABLE CONFERENCE DEADLOCK ON YTHE ISSUE OF SEPARATE ELECTORATE FOR MINORITIES LIKE MUSLIMS, CHRISTIANS, ANGLO-INDIANS, etc. GANDHI’S ATTEMPTS FAILED TO PREVENT LEADERS FROM ONLY SECURING SEATS FOR THEIR COMMUNITIES BRITISH ANNOUNCED FORMATION OF TWO MUSLIM MAJORITY PROVINCES – NORTH WEST FRONTIER PROVINCES & SIND GANDHI RETIRNS EMPTY HANDED RESUMES CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE MOVEMENT

COMMUNAL AWARD & POONA PACT GANDHI ARRESTED FOR RESUMING CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE MOVEMENT BRITISH ANNOUNCE COMMUNAL AWARD – SEPARATE ELECTORATE FOR MUSLIMS, SIKHS, CHRISTIANS AND ALL DEPRESSED COMMUNITIES GANDHI LEFT SHOCKED – WOULD DIVIDE EVEN THE HINDU COMMUNITY GANDHI’S INDEFINITE FAST POONA PACT SIGNED WITH AMBEDKAR – NO SEPARATE ELECTORATE FOR DEPRESSED CLASSES BUT RESERVATION OF SEATS FOR THEM IN PROVINCIAL AND CENTRAL LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLIES. WITHDRAWAL OF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE MOVEMENT