Travel Motivators & Barriers

Travel Motivator : a reason prompting you to travel

Types of Motivators Relaxation & Recreation: the desire to enjoy and relax at places involving the sun or beautiful scenery Social & Family: the desire to visit friends and relatives Environment: the desire to enjoy wildlife and nature. Examples: photo safaris, diving in coral reefs, ecotourism, game reserves in Africa Specialty Travel: ‘once in a lifetime’ types of travel, examples: the Olympics, religious pilgrimages, health treatments, etc Adventure: offers the chance to experience challenge and adventure, usually involves strenuous physical activity like rock climbing, ranching, trekking in tropical jungles Cultural: the desire to experience different cultures and languages, examples: sightseeing trips to historic sites, drama, music, religious attractions Business & Work: business travel, conventions, conferences, trade shows, meetings with business partners, suppliers, and customers

Travel Barrier : a reason that prevents or hinders you from travelling

Types of Barriers Cost: people have certain budgets based on their incomes Time: people have jobs, family, and other commitments that limit the time available for travelling Health: poor health may keep people from travelling Weather: severe winter weather keeps people from travelling to some places in the Northern Hemisphere. Tourists to the tropics usually avoid the rainy season in summer. Family Stage: parents with young children may not travel because of cost and inconvenience, or they may avoid certain types of travel, such as white water rafting. Lack of interest: people have other interests or are not interested in travel. Fear: political conflicts or high crime rates in certain places may discourage people from travelling there.

Economic Factors The economy can act as a barrier to travel In good economic times, there is more discretionary income with which to travel Discretionary Income: the money that is left over after you have paid for all of your essential things like food and rent and bills The global economic crisis of 2008-2009 had a significant impact on international tourism, the most severe so far in the last decades. International tourist arrivals declined by 4% and international tourism receipts by 6%. In 2010, the sector rebounded strongly (international tourist arrivals grew by 7%) demonstrating the resilience of tourism demand.

Technological Factors The more tourism infrastructure (highways, airports, hotels, tour companies, restaurants, ATMs, museums, etc) a place has, the more tourists it will get

Political Factors The political stability of a region can affect the number of tourist arrivals Wars, mass protests, violence, terrorism can keep tourists away

Language Barrier : the difficulties in communication experienced by people speaking different languages Obviously people are more likely to travel to places where they can speak the language

English Speakers by % of Population

Technological Aids to Overcome Language Barriers Google Translate App https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ro-HfETpzhc Google Translate App Works Like Magic, 2:58 Translating Earbuds https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZAHfevDUMK4 2:18 The Ili translator http://uk.businessinsider.com/japanese-company-instant-translation-device- travellers-ili-words-languages-chinese-english-2017-2 1:07

LGBT Unfriendly Places Many places around the world are becoming more progressive and open-minded and have no problem with gay tourists However, this is clearly not universally true and there are places that are dangerous for LGBT travellers Countries like Iran, Saudi Arabia, Somalia, Sudan and Mauritania still have the death penalty as punishment for being gay Many other countries can throw you in jail for being in a gay relationship At least 73 countries have laws that criminalize same-sex relations

Convenience In many places around the world, people have a specific warm area they tend to go on vacations These warmer places often have beaches and lots of tourism infrastructure, and are a quick flight away, and are often in the same (or nearby) time zone For Canadians, it is the Caribbean and Florida For Russians, it is Egypt, the Black Sea coast, and Turkey (but less now) For people in Western Europe, it is Morocco, the Canary Islands, the Mediterranean For people in China, it is Thailand and Hong Kong