Intro. To Science

An Introduction to the Nature of Science Perception & Bias An Introduction to the Nature of Science

Tenets of Scientific Knowledge Is… Empirically based (facts found by experimentation) Tentative (subject to change) The product of observation and inference The product of creative thinking Tenent: 1. A foundational truth 2. Something that is at the core of a topic Edward Jenner

Ways of Knowing/Thinking Paradigm A conceptual way of thinking The “lens” you look through to approach problems. Defined as: “the way you see the world due to the experiences you have had in the past”

Perception/Paradigm Our interpretations of scientific data are influenced by our background, or our perceptual framework. Bias – a prejudice that can cause you to view the world a particular way Look at the following pictures. What do you see?

Science is Tentative Tentative – subject to change New evidence may force us change our understanding of the world Scientific knowledge is never set in stone

Observations & Inferences

Observations & Inferences Observation – information you’re able to gather using your five senses Inference – conclusions you draw using your mind when you make an observation. “Connecting the dots”

Law vs. Theory LAW In science, a law is an explanation of events that always occur when given certain conditions (ex. Newtons law of gravity) Tends to be specific Can be expressed as a mathematical formula Concise (short) Can change!!!

Law vs. Theory Theory In science, an explanation of a lot of observations. A well supported hypothesis. More general Pulls multiple ideas or diverse data together Offers explanation Does not become a law Can change, just like a law

So What? Most people think a law is “better” or “more proven” than a theory… WRONG!!! The only fundamental difference between scientific law and theory is Laws a shorter statements that can often be mathematical, while… Theories are longer statements that bring many ideas together (usually no math)