OPENING ACTIVITY Pull out your notes from Monday. You should have the following dinosaurs’ names copied down. Baryonyx Dyoplosaurus Iguanadon  Ornithomimus Oviraptor Stegosaurus Triceratops Tyrannosaurus Rex

EVOLUTION

Lesson Objectives To know what is meant by evolution. To know what evidence supports evolution. To know what is meant by natural selection.

Evolution There is no exact answer to how life actually began. Only theories.... EQ: What is meant by evolution?

What is the difference between a theory and a hypothesis? Recall What is the difference between a theory and a hypothesis? EQ: What is meant by evolution?

Recall A theory provides us an explanation for something that happened without reason Example: dogs and horses share similar DNA, therefore dogs must have evolved from horses A hypothesis is an inference we make in regards to a situation Example: the clouds outside are dark, therefore it is going to storm EQ: What is meant by evolution?

The Evidence Fossils – the remains of an organism that lived long ago, most commonly preserved in sedimentary rock Fossils are the only evidence that animals and plants lived ages ago. EQ: What is meant by evolution?

Fossil Formation Fossils form in rocks as minerals replace slowly decaying tissue. They show features like shells, skeletons, soft tissue and footprints. They can give clues about habitat and what was eaten at by the animal. EQ: What is meant by evolution?

Fossil Formation From studying the similarities and differences between fossils in differently aged rocks we can see how species have evolved over billions of years. EQ: What is meant by evolution?

EQ: What is meant by evolution?

Types of Eaters Herbivore – plant eater Carnivore – meat eater Omnivore – eats both plants and meats Easy to remember! Herbivore, herbs are plants. Carnivore, carne means meat. And omnivore, omni means all. EQ: What is meant by evolution?

Dinosaur Detectives Have this list of dinosaur names out. Identify whether each dinosaur is a herbivore, carnivore, or omnivore based on physical characteristics. Baryonyx Dyoplosaurus Iguanadon  Ornithomimus Oviraptor Stegosaurus Triceratops Tyrannosaurus Rex

Identify as herbivore, carnivore, or omnivore. Provide evidence. Baryonyx Identify as herbivore, carnivore, or omnivore. Provide evidence.

Identify as herbivore, carnivore, or omnivore. Provide evidence. Dyoplosaurus Identify as herbivore, carnivore, or omnivore. Provide evidence.

Identify as herbivore, carnivore, or omnivore. Provide evidence. Iguanadon Identify as herbivore, carnivore, or omnivore. Provide evidence.

Identify as herbivore, carnivore, or omnivore. Provide evidence. Ornithomimus Identify as herbivore, carnivore, or omnivore. Provide evidence.

Identify as herbivore, carnivore, or omnivore. Provide evidence. Oviraptor Identify as herbivore, carnivore, or omnivore. Provide evidence.

Identify as herbivore, carnivore, or omnivore. Provide evidence. Stegosaurus Identify as herbivore, carnivore, or omnivore. Provide evidence.

Identify as herbivore, carnivore, or omnivore. Provide evidence. Triceratops Identify as herbivore, carnivore, or omnivore. Provide evidence.

Identify as herbivore, carnivore, or omnivore. Provide evidence. T Rex Identify as herbivore, carnivore, or omnivore. Provide evidence.

Dinosaur Detectives Carnivores, which means they ate meat. They had sharp teeth and claws. Tyrannosaurus Rex and Baryonyx Herbivores ate plants. They had teeth designed to grind their food. They had larger intestines than carnivores because plants are harder to digest than meat, so they had to eat huge quantities. Later on, some herbivores developed with their stomachs between their hind legs, and these were able to move around on two legs. Iguanadon is one such herbivore. Other herbivores developed armour plating and moved about on all fours, for example, Stegosaurus, Triceratops and Dyoplosaurus. Omnivores ate both meat and plants – example include  Ornithomimus and Oviraptor.

Fossil Formation Unfortunately, some animals die and decay and that means there are gaps in the chain. In theory there should be a ‘family tree’ produced. EQ: What is meant by evolution?

Extinction The fossil records show many species that no longer exist – these species are extinct. There are three main reasons: Environmental changes are too quick (destruction of habitat, ice age, too hot – resulting in lack of food, too cold to breed) A new predator or disease kills them (humans hunting them) They can’t compete with another new species for food EQ: What is meant by evolution?

Humans are responsible for the extinction of the Dodos. They were hunted. Human introduced new animals which ate their eggs. Forests, where they lived, were destroyed. EQ: What is meant by evolution?

Mutations Mutations are changes, through everyday wear and tear, to the DNA. Most mutations have no effect. Sometimes it can cause a new characteristic. EQ: What is meant by evolution?

Mutations Occasionally it can give an organism a better chance of survival – longer fur, longer legs Overtime, time these useful mutations can help a species adapt to an environment – and eventually lead to the evolution of a completely new species. Think of mutations like a car. The tread on our tires wear away, the gas slowly depletes, there are no sudden effects. But perhaps we buy a hybrid car. Or perhaps we buy an ultra thick tire. How then will the wear and tear on our car differ? EQ: What is meant by evolution?

Natural Selection This is an idea that Charles Darwin came up with. He noticed that species tend to be well adapted to the environment that they live in. He argued that organisms that are better adapted have a better chance of survival. Therefore, more likely to breed and pass on their characteristics to the next generation – natural selection. At the same time, less advantageous characteristics die out.

Not everyone agreed with Darwin. Theory went against religious beliefs about how the Earth developed. There were different scientific theories around Lamarck (1744-1829) argued that if a characteristic was used a lot by an organism, it became more developed, these were then passed to the next generation (Darwin reason was that the differences were due to chance) Darwin could not give a good explanation about why these new, useful characteristics appeared (at the time he knew nothing about DNA, genes and mutations).

Natural Selection Darwin described natural selection as survival of the fittest. Only the individual offspring with the genes best suited to their habitat manage to stay alive and breed successfully. EQ: What is meant by evolution?

Just a side note... You MUST be able to accurately describe natural selection. Some of you didn’t take notes because there was no “red”. Some of you did. We are going to review natural selection again. You need to take notes on what YOU find important and vital for you to understand this concept. EQ: What is meant by evolution?

Natural Selection This is an idea that Charles Darwin came up with. He noticed that species tend to be well adapted to the environment that they live in. He argued that organisms that are better adapted have a better chance of survival. Therefore, more likely to breed and pass on their characteristics to the next generation – natural selection. At the same time, less advantageous characteristics die out.

Not everyone agreed with Darwin. Theory went against religious beliefs about how the Earth developed. There were different scientific theories around Lamarck (1744-1829) argued that if a characteristic was used a lot by an organism, it became more developed, these were then passed to the next generation (Darwin reason was that the differences were due to chance) Darwin could not give a good explanation about why these new, useful characteristics appeared (at the time he knew nothing about DNA, genes and mutations).

Natural Selection Darwin described natural selection as survival of the fittest. Only the individual offspring with the genes best suited to their habitat manage to stay alive and breed successfully. EQ: What is meant by evolution?

Closing Activity To know what evidence supports evolution. To know what is meant by evolution. To know what is meant by natural selection. Write one sentence about each of the above demonstrating your knowledge. After you have three sentences (one sentence for each), pick a color based on your feeling of this material. Red, if you feel unsure, yellow if you feel ok, green if you are cool as a cucumber! I still feel unsure. I need some more help to understand. I feel ok. I need to do some more work to check my understanding. I am happy and feel I understand and can explain the main points.