Bonjour, Hi, Ola: Montreal, Ville le plus trilingue en Amerique du Nord? Jack Jedwab January 3, 2018

Bilingual or for that matter multilingual greetings are made possible when significant segments of the population are able to interact in multiple languages. Montreal stands out in its capacity to interact in French, English and other languages and hence much of the business community promotes this feature when trying to attract business to the Metropolis Montreal International boasts that: 60% of the population is bilingual and 20% trilingual 100 languages spoken http://www.montrealinternational.com/en/international- organizations/why-choose-montreal/ Multilingual Montreal another distinct characteristic of the Metropolis

Montreal: North American champions of trilingualism Over one in five Montrealers know three or more languages   Year No Trilinguals % Trilinguals Montreal 2016 844 425 21.1% 2011 761760 20.3% Toronto 651 455 11.1% 546 015 9.9% Vancouver 233 035 9.6% 185 045 8.1%

Nealry 850 000 Montrealers know at least three languages Montréal 2016 Total Aucune langue non officielle Une langue non officielle connue Deux langues non officielles connues Trois langues non officielles connues et plus Total - Connaissance des langues officielles 4009790 2677725 1164415 155660 11990 Anglais seulement 283375 114780 140985 25500 2105 Français seulement 1446090 1137890 283980 23215 1005 Anglais et français 2217215 1425055 682420 101300 8440 Ni anglais ni français 63105 57030 5635 440 Nealry 850 000 Montrealers know at least three languages

Montreal Immigrants trilingualism exceeds 40% Total - English, French and one or more non-official languages  percentage Total 4009795 792160 19.8 Non-immigrants 3002625 369455 12.3 Immigrants 936305 402095 43 Before 1981 207840 87635 42.1 1981 to 1990 112945 52190 46.2 1991 to 2000 163520 74095 45.3 2001 to 2010 272725 126060 2001 to 2005 118885 57920 48.7 2006 to 2010 153840 68140 44.3 2011 to 2016 179270 62110 34.6 Montreal Immigrants trilingualism exceeds 40%

Immigrants arrived between 2011 to 2016 Total - Number of languages known English, French and one or more non-official languages Percentage English and French only Montréal 179270 62110 34.6 13255 7.4 Gatineau 7640 2400 31.4 530 6.9 Québec 13445 3685 27.4 1325 9.8 Ottawa 30250 4385 14.5 1035 3.4 Hamilton 17420 880 5.0 240 1.3 Halifax 9425 390 4.1 125 Edmonton 78515 3185 4.0 775 0.9 Toronto 356930 13405 3.7 3070 0.8 Calgary 93255 3240 Winnipeg 52460 1650 3.1 320 0.6 Vancouver 142535 3460 2.4 1075 0.7 Regina 16190 305 1.9 85 0.5 42% of Immigrants that arrived in Montreal between 2011 and 2016 are bilingual (and over one third trilingual)

Quebec selection of immigrants has contributed to bilingualism Entre 2012 et 2016 la majorite des nouveaux arrivants connaissent le francais mais 46% connaissent l’anglais Quebec selection of immigrants has contributed to bilingualism