World War I The Great War

Assassination of Franz Ferdinand Archduke F.F. was heir to the Austria-Hungary throne. Assassinated in Sarajevo, Bosnia by Serbian Revolutionary, Gavrilo Princip. Assassination outraged Austria-Hungary who declared war on Serbia 1 month later.

Why Assassinate FF? Serbia and Bosnia wanted separation from Austria-Hungary. Princip belonged to the Serbian Terrorist group, “The Black Hand”

M-A-I-N

Militarism The policy of making military power a primary goal of a nation. Decades before WWI To build up armies to become more powerful to conquer or defend.

Alliances Who: Central Powers: Germany, Austria-Hungary, the Ottoman Empire (Turkey) Allied Powers: Serbia, Russia, France, Great Britain, Italy, USA, and more. A network of competing countries with a pact or coalition between 2 or more countries. A small conflict turns into a big conflict.

Imperialism Countries competing for expansion to new colonies. Colonies in Africa and Asia Why: Germany had fewer colonies and felt they deserved more to provide more resources and to buy goods.

Nationalism Strong feelings of pride, loyalty, and protectiveness toward their own country. pre-WWI People wanted to prove their nations were the best.

Blockade 1914, Great Britain set up a naval blockade of German ports, seizing all goods bound for Germany. In response, German submarines sank all Allied merchant ships they encountered off the British coast.

American Involvement: The Sinking of the Lusitania A German U-boat (submarine) torpedoed a British passenger ship (Lusitania) killing British and American civilians. American demanded German to stop. 1915 Germans thought the ship was carrying military supplies. 1,195 Civilians are killed

The Zimmermann Telegram Arthur Zimmermann (German Foreign Minister) Telegram intended for Mexico but was intercepted by Britain from Germany. January, 1917 Germany wanted Mexico to join them. In return, Germany would help them take back Texas, New Mexico, and Arizona. The U.S. enters the war by declaring war on Germany

My Great Great Uncle: John Cleveland Curry 1884-1931.

My Great Great Great Uncle Dimitri Amidzech

Posthumously awarded the Medal of Honor for Bravery on the Albanian Greek Front

End of the War January, 1918: Wilson gives “14 Points” speech to Congress Asking for an end to the war A way to find peaceful resolutions to future disputes (A war to end all wars) The war ended on November 11th, 1918. The 11th Day of the 11th Month at the 11th hour. We now know this as Veteran’s Day 14th Point: League of Nations Why: Peace without Victory ***It went ignored***

Wilson’s 14 Points Summary of the Fourteen Points No more secret agreements between countries. Diplomacy shall be open to the world. International seas shall be free to navigate during peace and war. There shall be free trade between the countries who accept the peace. There shall be a worldwide reduction in weapons and armies by all countries. Colonial claims over land and regions will be fair. Russia will be allowed to determine its own form of government. All German troops will leave Russian soil. German troops will evacuate Belgium and Belgium will be an independent country. France will regain all territory including the disputed land of Alsace-Lorraine. The borders of Italy will be established such that all Italians will be within the country of Italy. Austria-Hungary will be allowed to continue to be an independent country. The Central Powers will evacuate Serbia, Montenegro, and Romania leaving them as independent countries. The Turkish people of the Ottoman Empire will have their own country. Other nationalities under the Ottoman rule will also have security. Poland shall be an independent country. A League of Nations will be formed that protects the independence of all countries no matter how big or small.

Treaty of Versailles Punishment: Germany was forced to accept full blame for the war. -stripped of it’s colonies -military was limited to 100,000 -pay $33 billion in reparations for destructions Divided Austria-Hungary and the Ottomans. Created Czechoslovakia and granted Poland it’s Independence. Signed on June, 1919 in France.

Trench Warfare Opposing forces attack each other from a system of trenches. The Western Front (from the English Channel to Switzerland) A new way to fight one another that turned out to be gruesome, deadly, and diseased ridden.

New Fighting Tactics Unrestricted submarine Warfare (German U-boats) Ariel Warfare (dogfighting and bombing) Total Warfare (entire nation is fitted to win the war: all men, women, and children become fair game) Gas Attacks (Mustard Gas) Preparatory Artillery Bombardment

Germany’s “RED BARON” Manfred Albrecht Freiherr von Richthofen The „Ace of Aces“: 80 Combat Kills

Hitler in WWI

Review Whose assassination led to the breakout of WWI? Who assassinated this man? Where did the assassination take place? What does M-A-I-N stand for? List a reason why the United States got involved in the War. Name the 2 resource rich colonies countries were competing after. Which country set up a blockade of German ports? What document was signed to end the War? What was the name of the style of warfare fought along the Western Front where soldiers used dugouts? What was Woodrow Wilson’s 14th Point? Who ultimately took the blame for WWI? Identify 1 new fighting tactic introduced in WWI.