How are the following tissues adapted for their function? Starter How are the following tissues adapted for their function? Tissue Function Adaptation Epidermal Palisade Mesophyll Spongy Mesophyll

Transportation In Plants The roots, stem, and leaves form a plant organ system for the transport of substances around the plant.

Vascular Tissues: Phloem and Xylem Read pg. 85 and make a note of the similarities and differences between xylem and phloem. Phloem Xylem Type of Cell Between Cells (Type of End Walls) Materials Transported Direction of Transport Name of transport process Diagram

Elongated living cells Dead cells strengthened with lignin Phloem Xylem Type of Cell Elongated living cells Dead cells strengthened with lignin Between Cells (Type of End Walls) End walls with small pores No end walls Materials Transported Dissolved food substances (sugars) Water and minerals Direction of Transport Both directions Upwards (root to stem and leaves) Name of transport process translocation Transpiration stream Diagram

Transpiration Transpiration = loss of water from a plant Transpiration stream = movement of water from the roots to the leaves Why does this happen?

Like sucking liquid through a straw! Water evaporates and diffuses out (mainly through stomata) Creates a shortage of water, more water is drawn up through the xylem More water is drawn up through the roots creating a constant stream

Roots Function: absorption of water (by osmosis) and mineral ions (by active transport). Adaptations: contain root hair cells that create a larger surface area and speeds up osmosis and active transport.

Factors Affecting Transpiration Explain how each of these factors affect the rate (speed) of transpiration. (pg. 87) Light intensity Temperature Air flow Humidity

Role of Stomata (Review) Stomata allow gases to diffuse into (and out) of the leaf. Guard cells control the size of the stomata and control water loss (through evaporation and diffusion). guard cells

Investigating Transpiration Rate A potometer can be used to measure the rate of transpiration.

Calculating Rate of Transpiration

Homework Answer the exam style questions on pg. 93-94.