Kingdoms of Africa http://www.hp.uab.edu/image_archive/um/painting06.jpg

Ghana Mali Songhai

GHANA

Ghana Empire

Ghana on the Map Aim: How did the kingdoms of Ghana, Mali, and Songhai show the richness of Africa? Do Now: Matching

Ghana controlled trade and became wealthy. Empire of Ghana 7.4.1 The Big Idea The rulers of Ghana built an empire by controlling the salt and gold trade. Main Ideas Ghana controlled trade and became wealthy. Through its control of trade, Ghana built an empire. Ghana’s decline was caused by attacking invaders, overgrazing, and the loss of trade.

Ghana First known kingdom in the western Sudan Commerce Founded between fourth and eight centuries CE Warfare and iron weapons created an empire Commerce Camel caravans Imported silk, cotton, glass beads, horses, mirrors, dates, and salt Exported pepper, slaves, and gold mined in another region and taxed passing through Commerce and religion destroyed Ghana in the twelfth century

Ghana developed in West Africa between the Niger (NI-jhur) and the Gambia Rivers. It was an important kingdom there from about AD300 to about 1100. The rivers helped Ghana to grow rich because they were used to transport goods and develop trade. Ghana also collected taxes from traders who passed through the kingdom. Ghana means “war chief.” http://www.nevadasurveyor.com/africa/web/pages/niger_river.htm

Ghana had few natural resources except salt and gold Ghana had few natural resources except salt and gold. They were also very good at making things from iron. Ghanaian warriors used iron tipped spears to subdue their neighbors http://www.imf.org/external/np/exr/center/mm/eng/mm_rs_01.htm

Ghana became a rich and powerful nation, especially when the camel began to be used as a source of transport. Ghana relied on trade and trade was made faster and bigger with the use of the camel. . http://es.encarta.msn.com/media_461532998_761558787_-1_1/Caravana_de_camellos.html news.nationalgeographic.com/. ../salt/photo6.html

Islamic Mosque in Ghana blankbluesky.com/ travel/ghana/ After 700 AD, the religion of Islam began to spread over northern Africa. Muslim warriors came into Ghana and fought with the non-Islamic people there. This weakened Ghana. Local warriors then decided to break away from the power of Ghana and form their own local kingdoms. This ended many of the trade networks. This eventually weakened the civilization of Ancient Ghana. (Decline!!)

Mali http://www.btsadventures.com/img/mosque.jpg

Mali Empire

A ruler named Sundiata made Mali into an empire. Empire of Mali 7.4.3 The Big Idea The wealthy and powerful Mali Empire ruled West Africa after the fall of Ghana. Main Ideas A ruler named Sundiata made Mali into an empire. Mali reached its height under the ruler Mansa Musa. Mali fell to invaders in the late 1400s.

Empire of Mali 1235 Mali emerges as a major kingdom Located south of Ghana This kingdom became important when resources became scarce and trade routes shifted This made them wealthy and helped Mali to obtain more power.

Empire of Mali, 1230-1468 Battle of Kirina Larger than Ghana Sundiata (leader) Reigned 1210-1260 Led the Mandinka to victory over the Sosso in 1235 Larger than Ghana Greater rainfall More crops Control of Wangara gold mines Population reaches 8 million

Mali (cont.) Commerce, bureaucracy and scholarship Timbuktu Most merchants and rulers Moslems by 1210s Converted to gain stature among Arab states Timbuktu Major trading hub gold, slaves, and salt Center of Islamic learning ~ thirteenth century 150 Islamic schools Cosmopolitan community Religious and ethnic toleration common

Mali (cont.) Mansa Musa Reigned 1312-1337 Pilgrimage across Africa to Mecca in Arabia Empire declined with Musa’s death

A powerful king named Sundiata ruled this area from around 1230-1255 AD. He led the people in conquering and expanding his kingdom Perhaps the greatest king of Mali was Mansa Musa (1312-1337). He developed the gold and salt trade of Mali and his kingdom became very powerful and rich. mansa musa(4) Mansu Musa: Lord of Guinea. (Photo courtesy of History of Africa)

Mansa Musa was a Muslim. He built many beautiful mosques or Islamic temples in western Africa. http://travel.u.nu/pic/ml/djenne.jpg

When Mansa Musa died there were no kings as powerful as he was to follow. The great kingdom of Mali weakened. Eventually, a group of people known as Berbers came into the area and other people came up from the south to claim territory that was once part of the kingdom. Although Mali fell, another advanced African kingdom took its place, the kingdom of Songhai. The Berbers still live in North Africa. This picture, taken in 1893, shows a Berber group. http://www.uchicago.edu/docs/mp-site/plaisanceplan/graphics/berbers.jpg

Songhai http://www.exzooberance.com

Songhai Empire

The Songhai Empire strengthened Islam in West Africa. Empire of Songhai 7.4.3 7.4.4 The Big Idea The Songhai Empire strengthened Islam in West Africa. Main Ideas The Songhai built a new empire in West Africa. Askia the Great ruled Songhai as an Islamic empire. Songhai fell to Moroccan invaders, ending the great era of West African empires.

Sunni Ali saw that the kingdom of Mali was weakening and he led his soldiers to conquer the area. He began the kingdom of Songhai. He also set up a complex government to rule all the lands he had conquered. http://www.abcorpaffairs.com/gallery/

Songhai remained a rich and strong kingdom under Muhammad Ture’s rule Songhai remained a rich and strong kingdom under Muhammad Ture’s rule. It had a complex government centered in the city of Gao, and great centers of learning. But later rulers were not as powerful. In the late 1500s, Morocco invaded Songhai to take its rich trade routes. Moroccans had a new weapon, the gun, and the army of Songhai did not. This led to the fall of Songhai. (Photo courtesy of African Origin of Civilization by Cheikh Anta Diop)

Silk, Ceramics, Beads, Islam from Europe and Asia All three kingdoms of West Africa relied on trade for their strength and wealth. Salt Timbuktu Gao Jenne Gold, Ivory, Wood, Slaves Coming into West Africa Coming from Africa and going to Europe and Asia

Matching Vocabulary A. Lineage B. Stateless society C. Patrilineal D. Matrilineal E. Maghrib F. Almoravids G. Almohads Part of N. Africa that is Libya today. Mom’s side of the family Group of Berber Muslims Common ancestors Strict religious brotherhood Dad’s side of the family No system of central power

Leaving Africa. . .