Bell Task In pairs link the key word to the correct definition. When you have finished, use the pens to write on the table showing further knowledge. Team PE

Define the role of the agonist and antagonist and the difference between an isometric and isotonic contractions (4-5) Explain how antagonistic pairs create movement at a joint (6-7) Apply antagonistic pairs, isometric and isotonic contractions to sporting examples (8-9)

I want to hear you explaining how a muscles and bones work together to create movement at a joint. I want to see you using isometric and isotonic contracts, explaining what each means. I want to hear and see you linking the information about isotonic pairs to a specific sporting example.

Antagonistic Pairs and Contractions

Starter (Pairs) You all have the template of an arm (in two parts) with instructions about building your arm so that it creates flexion and extension. You must then label the bones and muscles on the arm. Then, describe what happens to the bicep string and tricep string when the there is flexion at then elbow joint. Extension: Identify 4 areas where muscles work in pairs to create movement. Which muscles work together?

Antagonistic Pairs Muscles are attached to bones by tendons. The muscle that relaxes is the antagonist The muscle that tenses is the agonist. Muscles pull by contracting – they cannot push to produce the opposite movement. Muscles are arranged in antagonistic pairs. As one muscle contracts (shortens) its partner relaxes (lengthens). They swap actions to reverse the movement.

Antagonistic Pairs – Prime Movers The biceps and triceps work together as an antagonistic pair to move the elbow joint. To flex the elbow, the biceps contracts and the triceps relaxes. To extend the elbow, the actions are reversed so that the triceps contracts and the biceps relaxes.

Task The image to the right shows a performer weight training. This movement is brought about by the muscular and skeletal systems working together.   Explain how muscles and bones work together to produce the movement from position A to position B.

TASK Throw Jumping Bowl Kick Select a sporting example of your choice (keep it simple or use one from above) Explain how the muscles work together to get them into position and then do the movement with the ball (at more than one joint)

Isotonic Contractions Isotonic contracts occur when the muscle changes length as it contracts and causes movement of a body part. There are two types of isotonic contractions: Each desk has a weight Each desk has the definition of What is a concentric isotonic contraction What is a eccentric isotonic contraction Using a bicep curl, focussing on the bicep only, identify where there is concentric isotonic contraction and where there is eccentric isotonic contraction

Eccentric Isotonic Contraction Concentric Isotonic Contraction Where the muscle shortens as it contracts. These contractions are the most common and occur frequently in sporting activities. Eccentric Isotonic Contraction Where the muscle lengthen as it contracts. Usually involves the slowing down or control of a movement.

Arm Wrestle Challenge On your tables arm wrestle each other to decide the table champion.

Isometric Contractions Isometric contractions do not create movement – the muscle neither shortens nor lengthens. This type of contraction occurs in several situations: To support a weight in a stationary position. To hold the body in a particular position (e.g., in gymnastics). To stabilize part of the body so movement can occur elsewhere.

Isometric or Isotonic? Task: Create a table and list sporting examples whereby each type of contraction occurs. Ext: Can you think of your own sporting examples without using the pictures above? Ext: Can you name the Agonist and Antagonist which will create the movements?

Correct Result = 2 points Correct Answer = 2 points each Date: 30/11/2016 This weeks matches: Match 1: Huddersfield V Port Vale Match 2: Man U Reading Match 3: Sjoke City Wolverhampton This weeks questions: Describe what is meant by an agonist and antagonist Describe the two types of contraction Explain how muscles create movement at a joint. MWN’s Predictions: 1-2 5-0 3-1 Point System: Correct Score = 5 points Correct Result = 2 points Correct Answer = 2 points each