5.2 Colonists Resist Tighter Control Goals We will identify British imperial policies requiring the colonies to pay a share of the costs in defending the British Empire. We will identify British attempts to regulate colonial rights, as well as colonial responses to these attempts.

Why It Matters… Britain Colonies Colonists used to self-government. Proud of their rights and loyal to British monarch. French & Indian War strained this loyalty.

Conflict with Natives Britain – gained all territory b/w the Appalachian Mts. & the Mississippi River. Natives trying to keep their land. Fighting between the Colonists & Natives began soon as French & Indian War ended.

Pontiac’s War, 1763 Pontiac Leader of Ottawa nation Attacked British forts/settlements, destroying about ½ dozen At least 2,000 settlers killed British Settlers Reacted by killing Natives Defeated Pontiac by fall of 1764

Proclamation of 1763 Britain banned colonial settlement west of Appalachian Mts. Settlers told to move east! Colonists angry Proclamation ignored and not enforced

Colonial Attitudes Proud of their contributions in the French & Indian War Tens of thousands served as soldiers Many died Expected GB to be grateful! Anticipated only a minimum rise in taxes.

Colonial Attitudes Colonists saw themselves as different from citizens in Britain. Still loyal to Crown in 1763. Colonies identified more with each other than with Mother country.

British Perspective War left the country in debt. Government still paying for troops to stay in colonies Protecting from French re-invasion Protecting from Native attacks British leaders believed colonists should help $$$

Sugar Act, 1764 Placed a duty on imported sugar & MOLASSES! duty = import tax Called for harsh punishment of smugglers.

Quartering Act, 1765 Forced colonists to house British troops, providing them w/food & other supplies Purpose = to save $$$ since GB had sent 10,000 troops to colonies to enforce the Proclamation of 1763. Colonists

Quartering Act, 1765

Stamp Act, 1765 1st internal tax levied on colonists by Britain All paper documents in colonies had to have special STAMP! Newspapers, wills, licenses, insurance polices, land titles, contracts, etc… Colonists argued only their representative governments had authority to tax them.

Significance – “No Taxation without Representation” Stamp Act, 1765 Significance – “No Taxation without Representation”

Stamp Act Resolves – Patrick Henry Patrick Henry – House of Burgesses Proposed resolutions against Stamp Act Adopted by House of Burgesses (May, 1765)

Stamp Act Resolves – Patrick Henry All men of Britain in the colony should be treated as any representative of Britain. They have as much as freedom and rights as everybody else in Britain. The second resolve was to remind everybody that all the people in the colony should be treated as if they were born within England’s realm.

Stamp Act Resolves – Patrick Henry No unbearable tax should be imposed on anybody. Burdensome taxation would make the colonies hard to manage. Virginians shouldn’t be imposed with a tax that was not passed by a body that had not gained their consent. The Virginia General Assembly is the only government to have the right to lay taxes on people in the colony.

Stamp Act Resolves – Patrick Henry One of the first acts of open defiance to a British law.

Boycotts Boycott – merchants in New York, Philadelphia, & Boston boycott – organized campaign to refuse to buy certain products Protests spread to every colony.

Stamp Act Congress Delegates from 9 colonies Sent petition to King & Parliament – No Sugar & No Stamp Tax!!! petition = a written request to government 1766 – Stamp Act repealed BUT...

Parliament/King have total authority over colonies! Declaratory Act, 1766 Parliament/King have total authority over colonies!

Townshend Acts, 1767 Britain wants to tax colonies w/out angering them. Agree to not tax products/activities inside colonies Only tax imported products Charles Townshend – over British treasury Wanted to weaken colonial assemblies

Townshend Act, 1767 Customs officers (over imports/exports) – use writs of assistance writs of assistance – court orders allowing officials to make searches without saying what they were searching for Colonists declare violation of rights! Colonists BOYCOTT

Townshend Acts, 1767 Boycotts hurt British merchants/manufacturers They pressure Parliament to let up on colonies 5 March 1770 – Parliament repeals all Townshend duties but 1 Tea Tax

Boston Massacre Too late…same day 5 March 1770 Angry mob of sailors/workers attack British soldiers w/snowballs & rocks Soldiers fire into crowd – 5 killed; 6 wounded

Boston Massacre Governor Thomas Hutchinson tried to calm things Had 9 soldiers tried for murder John Adams (Massachusetts lawyer) defended soldiers Leading defender of colonial rights against British policies Believed every person accused of crime had right to fair trial

Committees of Correspondence Established by Samuel Adams (cousin to John) Goal – keep colonists informed of British actions Committees started in other colonies Helped UNITE colonists against GB