Benford’s Steps using ACL Step 1: Review the data Transaction Number Transaction Date Employee Number Transaction Amount 10347 1/02/2010 00444 $1,041.48 10348 00450 $44.914.49 10349 1/03/2010 00451 $18,629.05 10350 1/04/2010 00447 $6,586.75 10351 1/06/2010 $1,835.49 10352 1/10/2010 00455 $34,296.23 10353 $9,263.47 Has to be real world transactions, and not assigned transactions. 9,150 records of banking data
Benford’s Steps using ACL Step 2: Run the first digit test on Transaction Amount
Benford’s Steps using ACL Step 3: Run the second digit test on Transaction Amount anamolies identified…34, and 18.
Benford’s Steps using ACL Step 4: Isolate only those transactions beginning with “18” Transaction Number Transaction Date Employee Number Transaction Amount 10347 1/02/2010 00445 $1,843.17 10348 $1,827.34 10349 1/03/2010 00444 10350 1/04/2010 00447 10351 1/06/2010 $1,899.24 10352 1/10/2010 00455 $1,822.04 10353 00451 $183.98
Benford’s Steps using ACL Step 5: Use the “CLASSIFY” command to review transactions beginning with “18” Note that 1827.34 is repeated 69 times. Double click on 1827.34 to see all the transactions.
Benford’s Steps using ACL Step 6: Use the “CLASSIFY” command to review transactions beginning with “18” Transaction Amount Count Percent of Count Percent of Field $1,824.85 1 0.36% 0.23% $1,825.26 $1,827.21 $1,827.34 69 24.56% 15.62% $1,827.57 $1,832.50 $1,833.22 Note that 1827.34 is repeated 69 times. Double click on 1827.34 to see all the transactions. Percent of total count Percent of total amount
Benford’s Steps using ACL Step 7: Isolate transactions of $1,827.34 Transaction Number Transaction Date Employee Number Transaction Amount 10472 01/23/2010 00445 $1,827.34 10525 02/05/2010 00444 10602 02/14/2010 10721 02/19/2010 00449 11148 03/17/2010 11205 03/20/2010 00451 11206 03/25/2010
Benford’s Steps using ACL Step 8: Use the “CLASSIFY” command to review employee numbers associated with $1,827.34 00444 has the largest number of transaction – 19.
Benford’s Steps using ACL Step 9: Review table. Note that 00444 and 00445 have the majority of the transactions. Employee Number Count Percent of Count 00444 19 27.54% 00445 13 18.84% 00447 6 8.7% 00449 7 10.14% 00450 12 17.39% 00451