Monday, October 23 What are the two theories of hypnosis from Friday? Today’s topic: Intro to Learning and Classical Conditioning Upcoming Dates: Homework: Terms Read 215-227 Assessments: Test, Monday October 30 Retest Friday in class What are the two theories of hypnosis from Friday? Look up the types of the following types of hypnosis Post-hypnotic suggestion Hypnotic analgesia

Learning Questions Do you have any fears or phobias? How did you get this fear/phobia (did something happen in your past that caused your fear/phobia)? Do you have any foods or drinks that you avoid tasting, smelling or even looking at? Besides taste, is there a reason why do you hate that food? How did you learn how to (choose one of the following) drive, swim or ride a bike (or something similar)? Specifically describe how you learned. How did you learn that what you were doing was correct? Have you ever taught someone else how to do something? What was it and how did you teach them (please specifically explain and describe how you taught them)?  How do you know that learning has occurred?

Learning AP Psych Myers – Ch. 6

Learning Any knowledge or behavior that we now possess that we were not born with, was somehow "learned" Learning is a relatively permanent behavior change due to experience. Acquired from experience or observation

Behaviorism Psychology should be an objective science that studies behavior without reference to mental processes Most current behavioral psychologists would argue that mental processes should be studied

Learning Classical Conditioning Associative Learning Operant Conditioning Observational Learning Learning Associative Learning – learning that certain events go together

Classical Conditioning PAVLOV WATSON

Classical Conditioning Learning in which an organism comes to associate stimuli also called Pavlovian or respondent conditioning Classical Conditioning Unconditioned Stimulus (US) a stimulus that naturally and automatically triggers a response Unconditioned Response (UR) the unlearned, naturally occurring response to the unconditioned stimulus (US) Conditioned Stimulus (CS) an originally irrelevant stimulus that, after association with an unconditioned stimulus (US), comes to trigger a conditioned response (CR) Conditioned Response (CR) the learned response to a previously neutral, but now conditioned, stimulus (CS)

Classical Conditioning Ivan Pavlov Studied how dogs associate salivation with food by ringing a tuning fork/bell with the presentation of food. The dog eventually salivated at the sound of the tuning fork/bell. Classical Conditioning Pavlov’s Experiment Unconditioned Stimulus (US) a stimulus that naturally and automatically triggers a response FOOD Unconditioned Response (UR) the unlearned, naturally occurring response to the unconditioned stimulus (US) SALIVATION Conditioned Stimulus (CS) an originally irrelevant stimulus that, after association with an unconditioned stimulus (US), comes to trigger a conditioned response (CR) BELL/SOUND Conditioned Response (CR) the learned response to a previously neutral, but now conditioned, stimulus (CS)

Another Example… An experimenter sounds a tone just before delivering an air puff to your eye. Unconditioned stimulus Air puff Unconditioned response Eye blink to air puff Conditioned stimulus Tone Conditioned Response Eye blink to tone Conditioning Dwight Conditioning your college roommate

Learning Processes Process Description Example Acquisition Initial stage of learning to associate two things when Pavlov paired the neutral stimulus (tuning fork) with the unconditioned stimulus (food) Extinction the diminishing of a CR Pavlov found that when he rang the fork repeatedly without presenting the food, the dogs salivated less and less Spontaneous Recovery the reappearance, after a pause, of an extinguished CR Pavlov found that if he waited a few hours before ringing the fork again, the dogs would salivate to the ringing after the pause Generalization The tendency for stimuli similar to the CS to elicit a similar response. Pavlov found that dogs would salivate to tones of different pitches that they had not previously associated with food Discrimination The learned ability to distinguish between stimuli Pavlov’s dogs also learned to respond to certain tones and not to others

Tuesday, March 15 Today’s topic: Operant Conditioning Upcoming Dates: How do you think advertisers use classical conditioning to sell their products? Give an example. Name a type of reward/reinforcement you have received recently by parents, friends, teachers, coaches, etc. Why did you get it? Did you learn from the reinforcement? Name a type of punishment you have received recently by parents, friends, teachers, coaches, etc. Why did you get it? Did you learn from the punishment? Today’s topic: Operant Conditioning Upcoming Dates: Homework: New Terms Read 242-249 Assessments: Test, Tuesday March 22

John B. Watson Conditioned “Little Albert” to fear white rats, later all white, fluffy animals Previously not afraid of white rats, Watson presented a loud banging sound when Albert saw a white rat  conditioned fear of rats. US Loud noise UR Crying CS Rat CR

Pavlov’s Legacy and Applications Classical conditioning is a learning technique that virtually all organism’s use to adapt to their environments Pavlov showed that learning processes can be studied objectively (by observing behaviors) Classical conditioning can be helpful in treatment programs for substance abuse, phobias, etc Exposure Therapy

Classical Conditioning in Advertising Taylor Swift Corona Kia Optima Gatorade The Real Cost