Geography of India Chapter 6 Lesson 1 Notes

Geography of India I. Indian Subcontinent A. Located on the continent of Asia B. has three main land regions 1. Himalayas separate the subcontinent from the rest of Asia a. The Himalayas are the highest mountains in the world b. Mt. Everest is the highest mountain peak in the world

2. the Northern Plains lie between the Himalayas and the southern peninsula stretches over 1,500 miles and contains the valleys of the Ganges and Indus rivers and their branches 3. Deccan Plateau a. forms most of the southern peninsula b. lies between the Eastern and Western Ghats (mountain ranges)

Geography of India C. seven countries are found on the Indian subcontinent 1. India, Pakistan, & Bangladesh parts of Afghanistan, Nepal, Bhutan, and Myanmar or Burma Islands considered part of are Maldives & Sri Lanka

Geography of India II. Indus River A. flows from Tibet, through the Himalayas and Hindu Kish into the Arabian Sea. B. flows through what is today China, India, and Pakistan. C. begins in the Himalayan Mountains. D. overflows its bank and leaves fertile soil

E. Formed a delta region where it empties into the Arabian Sea F. allows farming to take place in a very dry area. 1. The Indus Valley was one of the first places were farming developed. 2. Farming communities found date back to 6000 B.C.

Early Indian Civilization Chapter 6 lesson 2 Notes

Early Indian Civilization Indus River valley civilization A. We do not know a lot about the Indus River valley civilization. B. Experts have not learned how to read the writing of the people. II. Harappa Located within the Indus River valley. named after an Indian god do not know what the people called themselves The entire ancient Indus River valley is called Harappan civilization It lasted about 1,000 years, from c. 2500 B.C. to c. 1600 B.C.

Early Indian Civilization

Early Indian Civilization III. Mohenjo-Daro 400 miles south of Harappa, in the Indus River civilization is called Mohenjo-Daro Mohenjo-Daro means “Mound of the Dead” in Sanskrit Sanskrit is an ancient Indian language about 40,000 people lived in this city the city had grid streets, the same size bricks were used to pave the roads and build houses

Sources include: United States Census Bureau (2013) •Southaven50,997 ‌ •Olive Branch34,963 ‌ •Horn Lake26,635

E. city had wells throughout it and sewer systems complete with manholes F. a citadel stood at the west end of the city a citadel is a massive fort remains on top of the citadel may have been a city hall surrounding the citadel were thick walls to protect against floods and enemies

Early Indian Civilization

Early Indian Civilization around 1600 B.C. the city of Mohenjo-Daro was abandoned an earthquake may have caused the river to change course and disrupted peoples way of life (drought or floods) Both cities were laid out the same. It’s believed the area had a strong central government. Workers of Mohenjo-Daro were highly skilled

J. Workers of Mohenjo-Daro were highly skilled remains found of workshops along city avenues beautiful figures were carved into small squares of stone (see page 136) stone squares may have been used as seals for marking belongings things created by craft workers include water jars, cooking bowls, and other containers farmers produced a surplus of food; grain may have been used to pay city workers

K. Harappan merchants traded with people in Mesopotamia sailors probably went to Mesopotamia by sailboat from the Indus delta along the coast into the Persian Gulf L. c. 1500 B.C. people from central Asia migrated into the Indus Valley (the Aryans)

Early Indian Civilization The medieval walls and revetments of the ancient city of Harappa

Early Indian Civilization

Early Indian Civilization Review We don’t know a lot about the Harappan civilization because- Answer: We haven’t learned to read their writing.

Early Indian Civilization 2. What evidence suggest the Harappan civilization had a strong central government? Answer: Both cities were laid out the same suggesting a strong central government.