Predation, Scavenging, Symbiosis (3) Food Relationships Predation, Scavenging, Symbiosis (3)

Predation A predator is any consumer that KILLS AND EATS another living organism in order to obtain energy. The organism being eaten is called the PREY Examples: Lions, Wolves, Eagles, Man

Examples of Predators Venus Fly trap Pitcher plant Catches and digests food stuffs Insects trigger hairs that cause the mouth to slam shut when triggered VENUS – from Roman god of love Pitcher plant Prey-trapping mechanism that features a deep cavity filled with a ‘pitfall trap’

Examples of Predators Archer Fish Salamander The Archerfish sprays a fine jet of water to knock an insect off a low-lying branch Salamander The salamander uses its long sticky tongue to capture insects

Scavenging A SCAVENGER is any consumer (animal) that feeds on DEAD organisms Examples: vultures, snails, crows, jackals, hyenas A SAPROPHYTE lives on NONLIVING ORGANIC MATTER and breaks down matter such as dead plants, animals and feces for consumption. Examples: Fungi, Molds, Bacteria

Example of Scavengers Vultures Bald head to keep the head clean while feeding Possesses very strong stomach acid used to break down infected flesh and/or unbroken bones

Example of a Saprophyte Earthworm Body plan: A tube, digestive system and a slimy, muscular outer layer of skin Feeds on detritus and decaying organic matter Burrowing by worms is a form of natural aeration

Symbiosis Two different kinds of organisms 'live together' in a relationship: Mutualism Commensalism Parasitism NOT REAL!

Symbiosis: Mutualism (+/+ relationship) The anemone's tentacles release a paralysis toxin that provides the Clownfish with protection from predators The clownfish protects the anemone from Butterflyfish (consume anemones) Sea Anemones (tentacles) and Ocellaris Clownfish (Nemo) vs

Symbiosis: Commensalism (+ / N relationship) Whales and Barnacles During a barnacle's larval stage (youth) it attaches to baleen whales. The barnacle benefits by finding a habitat with available nutrients, which would not be possible otherwise The whale couldn't care less and is not affected in a positive or negative way

Symbiosis: Parasitism (+ / - relationship) Head Lice Feed on sebaceous secretions (sweat glands and pores) and blood Lice obtain sustenance (food) Humans/similar mammals are harmed through blood loss, exposure to disease and inconvenience

Word Bank: Commensalism, Mutualism, Parasitism, Saprophytism, Predation The Nile Crocodile and the Plover The Plover cleans the croc's teeth and prevents infection This is an example of: Mutualism

Word Bank: Commensalism, Mutualism, Parasitism, Saprophytism, Predation Certain luminescent bacteria living on the ‘lure’ of the anglerfish obtain nutrition after the fish has eaten. In turn, the bacteria provide a lantern for ‘fishing’ This is an example of Mutualism

Word Bank: Commensalism, Mutualism, Parasitism, Saprophytism, Predation A mouse is eaten by a cat This is an example of Predation

Word Bank: Commensalism, Mutualism, Parasitism, Saprophytism, Predation Certain young clams attach themselves to the gills of fish. In a short time, each clam becomes surrounded by a capsule formed by the cells of the fish. The clams feed and grow by absorbing nutrients from the fish's body This is an example of Commensalism

Word Bank: Commensalism, Mutualism, Parasitism, Saprophytism, Predation Toadstools thrive on fallen (dead) logs This is an example of Saprophytism