Tasks Collecting samples. Which PVT lab tests to use.

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Presentation transcript:

A-to-Z of Preparing Oil & Gas PVT Data for Reservoir Simulation Curtis H. Whitson NTNU / PERA

Tasks Collecting samples. Which PVT lab tests to use. Designing special PVT studies. Quality controlling PVT data. Heptanes-plus data and characterization. Initial EOS model. Tuning an EOS model. Viscosities. Fluid initialization. Minimizing number of EOS components. Black-oil PVT tables.

Tasks Collecting samples. Which PVT lab tests to use. Designing special PVT studies. Quality controlling PVT data. Heptanes-plus data and characterization. Initial EOS model. Tuning an EOS model. Viscosities. Fluid initialization. Minimizing number of EOS components. Black-oil PVT tables.

Tasks Collecting samples. Which PVT lab tests to use. Designing special PVT studies. Quality controlling PVT data. Heptanes-plus data and characterization. Initial EOS model. Tuning an EOS model. Viscosities. Fluid initialization. Minimizing number of EOS components. Black-oil PVT tables.

Tasks Collecting samples. Which PVT lab tests to use. Designing special PVT studies. Quality controlling PVT data. Heptanes-plus data and characterization. Initial EOS model. Tuning an EOS model. Viscosities. Fluid initialization. Minimizing number of EOS components. Black-oil PVT tables.

Tasks Collecting samples. Which PVT lab tests to use. Designing special PVT studies. Quality controlling PVT data. Heptanes-plus data and characterization. Initial EOS model. Tuning an EOS model. Viscosities. Fluid initialization. Minimizing number of EOS components. Black-oil PVT tables.

Tasks Collecting samples. Which PVT lab tests to use. Designing special PVT studies. Quality controlling PVT data. Heptanes-plus data and characterization. Initial EOS model. Tuning an EOS model. Viscosities. Fluid initialization. Minimizing number of EOS components. Black-oil PVT tables.

Tasks Collecting samples. Which PVT lab tests to use. Designing special PVT studies. Quality controlling PVT data. Heptanes-plus data and characterization. Initial EOS model. Tuning an EOS model. Viscosities. Fluid initialization. Minimizing number of EOS components. Black-oil PVT tables.

Tasks Collecting samples. Which PVT lab tests to use. Designing special PVT studies. Quality controlling PVT data. Heptanes-plus data and characterization. Initial EOS model. Tuning an EOS model. Viscosities. Fluid initialization. Minimizing number of EOS components. Black-oil PVT tables.

Tasks Collecting samples. Which PVT lab tests to use. Designing special PVT studies. Quality controlling PVT data. Heptanes-plus data and characterization. Initial EOS model. Tuning an EOS model. Viscosities. Fluid initialization. Minimizing number of EOS components. Black-oil PVT tables.

Tasks Collecting samples. Which PVT lab tests to use. Designing special PVT studies. Quality controlling PVT data. Heptanes-plus data and characterization. Initial EOS model. Tuning an EOS model. Viscosities. Fluid initialization. Minimizing number of EOS components. Black-oil PVT tables.

Tasks Collecting samples. Which PVT lab tests to use. Designing special PVT studies. Quality controlling PVT data. Heptanes-plus data and characterization. Initial EOS model. Tuning an EOS model. Viscosities. Fluid initialization. Minimizing number of EOS components. Black-oil PVT tables.

Collecting Samples Why? PVT data to develop a model.

Collecting Samples Why? PVT data to develop a model. Compositions for fluid initialization.

Collecting Samples Why? PVT data to develop a model. Compositions for fluid initialization. Crude assays for process design.

Collecting Samples How? Oils Gas Condensates Bottomhole samples. Surface separator samples. MDT / RCI Gas Condensates

Collecting Samples How? Oils Gas Condensates Bottomhole samples. Surface separator samples. MDT / RCI Gas Condensates Saturated Gas / Oil Systems Gas-cone an oil producer – perfect!. ECM (equilibrium contact mixing)

Open-hole Samplers MDT / RCI Potential Problems Oil-based muds. Oils -- OK for composition. Gas condensates – OK for composition. Surface cooling before removal. Bubblepoint suppression.

MDT Sampling with MPSR bottles Post Sampling but downhole Fire-open valve Fire-close valve Dead volume (<10cc) – initially water filled Manual close valve Piston 450cc MPSR bottle To pump and formation Prior to Sampling MPSR Fire-open valve open Fire-close valve closed Dead volume (<10cc) – now gas filled and the gas will be lost Manual close valve now operated to extract MPSR from MDT tool 450cc of 2 phase hydrocarbon at surface temp and some pressure Now at surface Water from dead volume Fire-open valve operated to fill operated post filling Dead volume (<10cc) – now oil filled 450cc of single phase oil at res temp and pressure MDT Sampling with MPSR bottles

Which PVT Lab Tests to Use What are you simulating? Depletion. Water injection. Condensate blockage. Gas injection. Miscible. Immiscible.

Designing Special PVT Studies Condensate Blockage. Condensate viscosities. Miscible Gas Injection. Through-critical swelling test. Vro , compositions and K-values! Immiscible Gas Injection. Vaporization tests.

Quality Controlling PVT Data Compositions !!! Recombination. Extended GC. Mass-to-mole conversion. C7+ properties. Molecular weight and specific gravity. Use trend plots. Ps vs wt-% methane and/or C7+.

C7+ Data and Characterization Correlate MW and SG of C7+. Define trends & identify ”outliers”. Use TBP Data. Gamma distribution model fit. SCN MW-SG relationship. Downstream Assay data always available. Extended GC Data. Ignore heaviest amount and MW.

Assay Data

Initial EOS Model Default Parameters – don’t mess with ’em. C6- properties M, Tc, pc, . C6- properties volume shift s(=c/b). Non-HC / HC BIPs kij. C7+ Characterization. Minimum 3 fractions (not C7, C8, C9+ !). Methane-C7+ BIPs. SG-TB-MW relationship; Tc, pc, (Tb). Volume shift treatment s(). Always keep fraction SGs ”fit” by EOS.

Tuning an EOS Model Densities Don’t Need Regressing! What’s Left to Fit? Nothing but K-values ... but how ??? Check Consistency! Monotonic K-values of hydrocarbons. Three-phase existence (from EOS model). Serious problem for EOS models!

Viscosities LBC (Lorenz-Bray-Clark / Jossi-Thodos) Need accurate densities. Modify C7+ Vc values. Make sure fraction viscosities are monotonic. LBC polynomial coefficients. BE CAREFUL! Pedersen. Better predictions than LBC. Regression - ?

Fluid Initialization Plot C6+ versus Depth. Initial Oil in Place plot. Use error bars. Depth and composition. Uncertainty Analysis. Use isothermal gradient model. Defines maximum compositional variation. Use constant composition. Defines minimum compositional variation.

Fluid Initialization Black-Oil vs Compositional. Use consistent EOS model. Use consistent surface process. Use solution GOR (Rs and Rv) for black-oil model. Based on EOS model initialization.

Minimizing Number of EOS Components Basis of Comparison. Detailed & Tuned EOS model. Stepwise lumping procedure. Check entire relevant p-compositioni space. Depletion data. Gas injection data. Miscibility data. Delumping ?

Black-Oil PVT Tables Select Depletion Test. Define Surface Separation. Consistency. Negative compressibilities. Saturated gas / oil systems. Compositional grading. Extrapolation. Undersaturated GOC (ECL100). Gas injection.

Black-Oil PVT Tables Delumping to Compositional Streams ?

Split Factor BOz Conversion qg qo Sij z2 zn z1 . q1 = qg q2 = qo

North Sea Full-Field Black-oil to Compositional conversion 2 Platforms / 2 Processes. ~ 50 wells. ~ 1000 well-grid connections. Gas injection. 2 Black-oil PVT regions. Huge (GB) summary files. > 100,000 stream conversions.

North Sea Full-Field Model E100-BO E300-EOS FFM B A Platform A Process A ~ 30 Wells Platform B Process B ~ 15 Wells Different Surface Processes (BO PVT) in Regions A & B Gas Injection

Objective Run black-oil full-field reservoir model. Convert surface rates to compositional streams. Connection level conversions. Summarize results. By well, platform, field. Annually, quarterly, cummulatives etc.