Cell Theory Plant vs Animal Cells Eukaroytic vs Prokaryotic Unit 1 Cells Cell Theory Plant vs Animal Cells Eukaroytic vs Prokaryotic

Do Now You will need a sheet of lined paper. Set up pages 15 and 16 “L.14.1 Cell Theory” What is the difference between a theory and a law? If we can see cells, why do you think we call it “Cell Theory”?

Key Points Understand the difference between a theory and a law. Outline the three principals of cell theory

Engage: How Small is a Cell? Predict: How many cells could fit in the period of this sentence? http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/begin/ce lls/scale/

What is a theory? A Scientific Theory is a well tested explanation that unifies a broad range of observations. Ex: Cell Theory, Theory of Evolution,

What is a Law? Scientific Law: This is a statement of fact meant to describe an action or set of actions and generally accepted to be true and universal. Ex: Law of Gravity

What did people think before they knew there were cells? Spontaneous Generation- the idea that living things came from inanimate objects. Ex: maggots would just appear out of nowhere in meat!

Where did the maggots come from? YOU DO NOT NEED TO WRITE THIS Where did the maggots come from? One scientist named Redi observed that flies were always on the meat before there were maggots. He thought that the maggots came from the flies, to prove this he designed an experiment….

Redi’s Experiment…

What did this experiment prove? LIVING THINGS ONLY COME FROM OTHER LIVING THINGS Practice- On page 17 draw this picture and label the jar. Then write 3-4 sentence on how Reddi’s experiment disproved spontaneous generation.

What changed how we thought of life? Microscopes!

History of the Microscope 1590 –first compound microscope

1. Compound Light Microscope 1st type of microscope, most widely used Types of Microscopes 1. Compound Light Microscope 1st type of microscope, most widely used light passes through 2 lenses Can magnify up to 2000x

Ocular lens Objective lenses

2. Scanning Electron Microscope Types of Microscopes 2. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) Used to observe VERY small objects: viruses, DNA, Uses beams of electrons rather than light 3D Images

SEM Images http://research.amnh.org/pbi /graphics/description/i_scann ing_micrograph_phymatopsal lus_rinconae.jpg

Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) Can magnify up to 250,000x Types of Microscopes Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) Can magnify up to 250,000x Can see inside of cells.

Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) Can magnify up to 100,000x Types of Microscopes Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) Can magnify up to 100,000x

How we discovered cells. YOU DO NOT NEED TO WRITE THIS In 1665 Robert Hook looked under a microscope and this is what he saw This is a picture of what a piece of dead plant looks like under a microscope. What observations can we make? What would you call these?

Hooke is responsible for naming cells Who named cells? Hooke is responsible for naming cells Hooke called them “CELLS” because they looked like the small rooms that monks lived.

How we discovered cells. YOU DO NOT NEED TO WRITE THIS How we discovered cells. In 1838 Matthias Scheliden looked under a microscope and this is what he saw This is a picture of living plant tissue. What observations can we make? What inference can we make about plants? Are they made of cells?

How we discovered cells. YOU DO NOT NEED TO WRITE THIS How we discovered cells. The next year, Theodore Schwann looked under a microscope and this is what he saw This is a picture of living animal tissue. What observations can we make? What inference can we make about animal tissue? Are they made of cells?

How we discovered cells. YOU DO NOT NEED TO WRITE THIS In 1855, Rudolph Virechow looked under a microscope and this is what he saw… What observations can we make? What inference can we make about where cells come from? http://www.youtube.com/wat ch?v=rgLJrvoX_qo&feature=r elated

Principle # 1 All organisms are made of one or more cells. Organisms can be unicellular (one cell) or multicellular. Skin Cells Ewwww!

Principle # 2 The cell is the most basic unit of life. You can not get any simpler than a cell and still have a living thing.

Principle # 3 All existing cells are produced by other living cells.

I. What structures do all Cells have in common? enclosed by a cell membrane. filled with cytoplasm. Genetic Information cell membrane Bacterium (colored SEM; magnification 8800x) cytoplasm

Are all cells microscopic? No, most cells are microscopic but some are not! An ostrich egg is a single cell and is the biggest cell known!

Practice! On page 17 write each principal of cell theory and one example of each. Include a diagram as an example. Write the two structures all cells must have.

Question 1 “Which of the following is NOT a concept of cell theory? All living things are composed of cells. Cells are the basic unit of structure in living things. All living things are composed of more than one cell. New cells are produced from existing cells.

Question 2 Short Answer: What are 2 structures all cells have in common?

Question 3 Spontaneous generation was true The theory of spontaneous generation included the idea that simple organisms like worms and flies were created from abiotic (non-living) things like mud. In the 1600’s Francesco Redi performed an experiment. Maggots developed from the eggs laid by flies in the first flask. No maggots were developed in the remaining two flasks. The results of this experiment provided evidence that: Spontaneous generation was true Living things come from non-living things Flies need meat to survive Living things come only from other living things

Question 4 The graphic to the right shows the stages of cellular mitosis which allows one cell to divide and create two cells. Which statement best explains this process? All cells come from pre- existing cells Cells appear as walled “rooms” All living things are composed of cells Identification of the microbial agents causing disease

Bonus Questions 1. Did you complete all of the practice? 2. If you answer yes, did it help you on the exit slip? 3. If no, were you still able to get mastery? 4. Is there anything Ms. Eaton could do to help you get mastery next time?

Grading 1/5= 20% 2/5= 40% 3/5= 60% 4/5= 80% ; ) 4/5= 80% ; ) 5/5 = 100% (Biology Beast!)

KFC (do this on your KFC or warm-up page) Word: indicative Root: Dict –to speak Part of Speech: Adj. Definition: Serving as a sign, suggestive Write a complete sentence Ex: The cold weather was indicative that fall was coming.

Warm Up The cell theory was first proposed in 1838. Evidence obtained through additional scientific investigations resulted in the current cell theory. Which statement describes a component of the original cell theory that was removed because of new scientific knowledge? Explain your answer. All living things are made of cells All cells come from other preexisting cells Cells form through spontaneous generation Cells are the basic structural and functional units of life.

Do Now You have 8 minutes to study for your quiz.

Date /___ Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic L.14.3 Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic 17 Date /___ L.14.3 Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic 18

Cells can be categorized into prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Cells have specific structures that each carry out specific functions inside and outside of the cell. Key Points

What are Prokaryotic Cells? cell membrane cytoplasm Plasmid Smaller and simpler. Store their DNA in a plasmid. Have cytoplasm, cell membrane and a cell wall. Prokaryotic cells do not have a nucleus or membrane bound organelles (do have ribosomes) Example: bacteria

What structures are in prokaryotic cells? Cytoplasm-the jelly-like substance that fills the cells. Cell membrane -a double layer of lipids that surrounds the cell. Plasmid- is a circular piece of DNA cell membrane cytoplasm Plasmid

What are Eukaryotic Cells? Larger and more complex Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles Example: Plant and animal cells. nucleus organelles cell membrane

What structures are in Eukaryotic Cells? Organelles- small “organs” within a cell that perform different functions. Nucleus (NOO-klee-uhs)-stores and protects the DNA. Nuclear Envelope- The membrane that surrounds the nucleus. Nucleolus- a small dense region of the nucleus where proteins are assembled. Chromatin- Condensed DNA

What structures are outside of cells? Pili/Cilia- Tiny hair-like structures that propel the cell. Flagella- a small tail that can move the cell. FLAGELLA Draw This! CILLIA http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZcvVjtBlxik&safety_mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1&safe=active

Quick Write-2 Min! What did you see in the video? How would you explain this to a friend? What does cilia and flagella allow the cells to do? http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZcvVjtBlxik&safety_mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1&safe=active

Draw this on page 17 of your notebook. Prokaryotes Eukaryotes

Prokaryotes Eukaryotes Place each sentence in the correct location in your Venn diagram. Smaller and simpler Do not have membrane-bound organelles. Have cytoplasm Animal and plant cells Larger and more complex. Have a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles Do not have a nucleus. Contain genetic information. Have a cell membrane. Bacteria

Prokaryotes Eukaryotes Smaller and simpler Do not have a nucleus. Do not have membrane- bound organelles. Larger and more complex. Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles Contain genetic information. Have a cell membrane. Have cytoplasm

Practice # 2! Create your own prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell! Be sure to label the following structures that apply: Nucleus, nucleolus, nuclear envelope, flagella, cillia, cell membrane, cytoplasm, chromatin, plasmid,

Is it prokaryotic or eukaryotic?

Is it prokaryotic or eukaryotic?

Exit Ticket! Let’s prove our Mastery!!!