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Properties of Metals, Nonmetals, and Metalloids

Metals are located to the left and below the diagonal line in the periodic table.

Properties of Metals Metals are usually solids at room temperature

Mercury is the exception http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=31CE2BYicyU

Metals are good conductors of heat and electricity

High melting points and boiling points (except Hg and Ga)

Gallium has a melting point of only 86 F. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Nzoi9m3t4uM

High densities (except some group 1 metals)

Metals have luster, they are shiny and reflect light

Malleable – can be bent or pounded into sheets

Old pennies (copper) are less malleable than new pennies (more zinc)

Ductile – can be stretched into wire without breaking http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c382ziUpbbc

Wires on a suspension bridge are made of ductile metal

Chemical properties of metals Most metals can rust

Chemical properties of metals Most metals react easily with acids

Nonmetals are located to the right of the stair step line.

Properties of Nonmetals The nonmetals exist in all three of the states of matter at room temperature: gases (such as oxygen) liquids (such as bromine) solids (such as carbon)

Nonmetals are not able to conduct electricity or heat very well.

Nonmetals have much lower melting and boiling points than metals Nonmetals have much lower melting and boiling points than metals. (Consider all of the gases on the non-metal side)

Nonmetals are not nearly as dense as metals.

The nonmetals have no metallic luster, and do not reflect light.

Nonmetallic elements are very brittle, and cannot be rolled into wires or pounded into sheets. Sulfur powder

Hydrogen- a non metal The Group 1 Nonmetal Most of the hydrogen found in the world is found in water.

Metalloids are located on the staircase line, dividing metals from non metals.

Properties of Metalloids Have a mixture of metallic and nonmetallic properties. Semi-conductors: Can conduct heat and electricity to some extent.

Review video of metals, nonmetals, and metalloids 5:16 length https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5R08N3u5Z_Y

Review Questions 1. Identify the following as metals, nonmetals, or metalloids using their location on the periodic table. (a) silicon Si- metalloid (b) fluorine F- nonmetal (c) uranium U- metal (d) mercury Hg- metal (e) arsenic As- metalloid (f) iridium Ir- metal

2. List three differences in the physical properties between metals and nonmetals. Metals are shiny, malleable and good conductors whereas nonmetals are dull, brittle and don’t conduct electricity (insulators).

3. Using your knowledge from 6th grade, construct a working electrical circuit and make the lightbulb light up.

Explain how you can use this electrical circuit to test an object to determine if it is a metal or non-metal. Where would the sample go and what would the electrical circuit do?

Testing for metals Names______________________ metal or non-metal object Evidence Lg wood block Rubber stopper Al bar Cu sheet Zn piece Sm wood block tweezers 3+