UNIT 3 + UNIT 2 PAST SIMPLE AND CONTINUOUS MUCH/MANY/ A LOT OF DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES

TO BE ( WAS/WERE) THERE WAS/THERE WERE The Simple Past Tense TO BE ( WAS/WERE) THERE WAS/THERE WERE

Form (structure) Meaning & Use Pronunciation The Simple Past Tense Form (structure) Meaning & Use Pronunciation

WHEN DO WE USE PAST SIMPLE? YESTERDAY IN 1996 LAST MONTH LAST YEAR LAST WEEK 2 DAYS AGO WHEN I WAS 6

last month ago yesterday last year last week Meaning & Use Completed actions in the past Time expressions used with the past tense last month ago yesterday last year last week

PAST SIMPLE AFFIRMATIVE REGULAR VERBS WALK WORK LIVE WASH PLAY STAY ... IRREGULAR VERBS 2nd COLUMN – PAGE 114 student’s book Be- Buy – Leave – Teach – Win – Swim – Have – Do … BE WAS/WERE BEEN BUY BOUGHT BOUGHT WALKED WORKED LIVED WASHED PLAYED STAYED + ED

EXAMPLES Last month I was in Granada Two weeks ago Sara visited her aunt in Burgos My parents travelled to Rome with some friends in May When Paul was 5 he watched a horror movie on TV I appeared on TV in 1999, in a sitcom called “Teachers”. We bought a new computer for the class last year My neighbour found a wallet on the street yesterday When I was in Granada I swam a lot in the sea I taught you English last year My mother flew to Canada 20 years ago to visit her sister

REGULAR / IRREGULAR VERBS PAST SIMPLE negative I YOU HE PETER / MY BROTHER SHE SALLY / MY MOTHER IT THE TABLE/ THE DOG WE YOU AND I YOU AND SALLY THEY MARK AND ANNE… REGULAR / IRREGULAR VERBS WALK WORK LIVE WASH PLAY STAY BUY LEAVE TEACH WIN SWIM HAVE DO ... SUBJECT WALK WORK LIVE WASHE PLAYE STAY BUY LEAVE TEACH WIN SWIM HAVE DO . + DIDN’T DID NOT + INFINITIVE

EXAMPLES Last month I was in Granada Last month I WASN’T in Granada Two weeks ago Sara visited her aunt in Burgos Two weeks ago Sara DIDN’T VISIT her aunt in Burgos My parents travelled to Rome with some friends in May My parents DIDN’T TRAVEL to Rome with some friends in May, they never TRAVELLED to Rome When Paul was 5 he watched a horror movie on TV When Paul was 5 he DIDN’T WATCH a horror movie on TV I appeared on TV in 1999, in a sitcom called “Teachers”. I DIDN’T APPEAR on TV in 1999

EXAMPLES We bought a new computer for the class last year We DIDN’T BUYa new computer for the class last year My neighbour found a wallet on the street yesterday My neighbour DIDN’T FINDa wallet on the street yesterday, he found it three days ago When I was in Granada I swam a lot in the sea When I was in Granada I DIDN’T SWIM in the sea I taught you English last year Rebeca DIDN’T TEACH you English last year My mother flew to Canada 20 years ago to visit her sister My mother DIDN’T FLY to Canada 20 years ago to visit her sister, she doesn’t have a sister living there

PAST SIMPLE INTERROGATIVE REGULAR / IRREGULAR VERBS WALK WORK LIVE WASH PLAY STAY BUY LEAVE TEACH WIN SWIM HAVE DO ... I YOU HE PETER / MY BROTHER SHE SALLY / MY MOTHER IT THE TABLE/ THE DOG WE YOU AND I YOU AND SALLY THEY MARK AND ANNE… SUBJECT WALK WORK LIVE WASHE PLAYE STAY BUY LEAVE TEACH WIN SWIM HAVE DO . WH – WORD What When Why How Where… + + + ? DID INFINITIVE DID

EXAMPLES I Last month I was in Granada Last month I WASN’T in Granada WHERE WERE you last month? Yes, I was / No, I wasn’t Two weeks ago Sara visited her aunt in Burgos Two weeks ago Sara DIDN’T VISIT her aunt in Burgos WHEN DID Sara VISIT her aunt in Burgos? My parents travelled to Rome with some friends in May My parents DIDN’T TRAVEL to Rome with some friends in May, they never TRAVELLED to Rome DID your parents TRAVEL to Rome with some friends in May? Yes, they DID / No, they DIDN’T

EXAMPLES II When Paul was 5 he watched a horror movie on TV When Paul was 5 he DIDN’T WATCH a horror movie on TV DID Paul WATCH a horror movie on TV when he was 5? I appeared on TV in 1999, in a sitcom called “Teachers”. I DIDN’T APPEAR on TV in 1999 WHEN DID you APPEAR on TV ? We bought a new computer for the class last year We DIDN’T BUYa new computer for the class last year WHEN DID you BUYa new computer for the class ? My neighbour found a wallet on the street yesterday My neighbour DIDN’T FIND a wallet on the street yesterday, he found it three days ago DID your neighbour FINDa wallet on the street yesterday?

EXAMPLES III When I was in Granada I swam a lot in the sea When I was in Granada I DIDN’T SWIM in the sea DID you SWIM in the sea When you were in Granada ? Yes, I DID / No, I DIDN’T I taught you English last year Rebeca DIDN’T TEACH you English last year DID Rebeca TEACH you English last year? My mother flew to Canada 20 years ago to visit her sister My mother DIDN’T FLY to Canada 20 years ago to visit her sister, she doesn’t have a sister living there WHERE DID your mother FLY 20 years ago?

Exception = Verb BE! The verb be is special. was not + or were Never use DID NOT or DIDN’T with the verb BE. Instead, just use: was not + or were

PRONUNCIATION OF REGULAR VERBS 3 different sounds id d t

walked laughed washed talked jumped id t planned played learned answered loved Invited Wait Decided Ended Visited Edited walked laughed washed talked jumped

PAST CONTINUOUS We will study this in Unit 3

PAST CONTINUOUS

What were you doing…? Yesterday at 7:00 in the morning… On Tuesday morning… On Monday at night… On the 31st at 0:00… This morning at 8:00…

Uses AN ACTION THAT WAS IN PROGRESS AT SOME POINT IN THE PAST. My brother was working yesterday at 7 They were doing and exam last Friday at 2:30 TWO EVENTS TAKING PLACE AT THE SAME TIME IN THE PAST Ellen was cooking while her sister was watching TV

the past continuous and past simple tenses in the same sentence, We often use the past continuous and past simple tenses in the same sentence, We do this when we want to talk about a shorter activity that happened during a longer activity in the past. Sometimes we use the past continuous tense to talk about two or more actions which were taking place at the same time in the past. WHILE – It is usually used before continuous tenses WHEN - It is usually used before simple tenses

Yesterday I WENT home, I HAD lunch and I CORRECTED all your exams Yesterday while I WAS CORRECTING Alba’s exam my dog CAME into the room and bit it While my dog WAS BITTING Alba’s exam my son WAS CRYING in the corridor and my daughter WAS SINGING very loudly It was the worst moment in my life! My dog ATE the whole exam and now I don’t know Alba’s final result, so I GRADED it with a 10! Maybe it WAS Alba’s lucky day but not mine (Past Simple + past simple + past simple ( three completed and finished actions) (Past continuous and simple: one action interrupt other) (Past continuous + Past continuous + Past continuous continuous actions at the same time)

Sam hurt himself yesterday. But when exactly? WHILE – It is usually used before continuous tenses WHEN - It is usually used before simple tenses when jumping over the vaulting horse Sam hurt himself when he was jumping over the vaulting horse. shorter action longer action

TRANSLATE THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES Yo no estaba limpiando la habitación, estaba buscando a mi perro. El estaba perdido I wasn’t cleaning the room, I was looking for my dog. He was lost Hicieron una película en Los Ángeles aunque se gastaron todo el dinero y tuvieron que volver. La película no está terminada They made a film in LA although they spent all the money and they had to come back. The film is not finished Mi hermana y mi madre no me ayudaron, estaban leyendo y no querian parar My sister and my mum didn’t help me, they were reading and they didn’t want to end

Paula estaba corriendo en tu casa cuando se calló y se rompió su pierna. Paula was running in your house when she fell down and he broke her leg ¿Dónde estuviste despues del colegio? No había nadie fuera del edificio, así que me fui a casa. Where were you after school? There wasn’t anybody outside the buiding so I came back/went home ¿Estabas jugando fuera con nuestro perro cuando te mandé un mensaje? Were you playing outside with our dog when I texted you?

Student Practice: Good Luck!!!

Wanna know more about the Past Continuous Tense? Click here http://www.englishgrammarsecrets.com/pa stsimpleorcontinuous/exercise1.html http://www.englishgrammarsecrets.com/pa stsimpleorcontinuous/exercise5.html http://www.englishgrammarsecrets.com/pa stsimpleorcontinuous/exercise6.html http://www.englishgrammarsecrets.com/pa stsimpleorcontinuous/exercise2.html http://www.englishgrammarsecrets.com/pa stsimpleorcontinuous/exercise4.html

UNIT 3 Disposable world

FOOD AND DRINK HEALTH AND LIFESTYLE Much-many- a lot of / lots of Definig relative clauses

A lot of / Much / Many Are there many people in the swimming pool? Has she got many friends? Yes, she's got a lot of friends. © Juan Manuel Sánchez Garrido 2008 Are there many people in the swimming pool? No, there aren't many. There are only two. Is there much ham on the plate? No, there isn't much. There are only three slices.

A lot of / Lots of (mucho (s), mucha(s), un montón de) We use a lot of/lots of with plural countable nouns (e.g. books, cars, etc.) and uncountable nouns (e.g. sugar, milk, etc.) in all types of sentences. She's got a lot of/lots of books. There's a lot of milk in the fridge. Note: We omit of when a lot is not followed by a noun. Are there many people in the room? Yes, there are a lot.

Much (mucho / mucha) We use much with uncountable nouns, normally, in questions and negations. Questions: Do you drink much coffe? How much money have you got? Negations: There isn't much sugar in the bowl. I don’t drink much coffee So you don’t normally use much in affirmative sentences (you use “a lot of”) I drink a lot of coffee

Many (muchos / muchas) We normally use many with plural countable nouns in all types of sentences. Are there many books on the shelf? There aren't many books on the shelf. So you don’t normally use MANY in affirmative sentences (you use “a lot of”) We’ve got many friends We’ve got a lot of friends

How Much (Cuánto / Cuánta) How Many (Cuántos / Cuántas) In questions we use how much to ask about the amount of something and therefore, with uncountable nouns How much + uncountable noun How much sugar do we need? A kilo. We use how many to ask about the number of things and so, with plural countable nouns How many + plural countable noun How many boys are there in your class? Twenty. © Juan Manuel Sánchez Garrido 2008

She’s a very nice person Very, Much & Many It is important that you distinguish between VERY, MANY and MUCH You use it with… Spanish Example VERY Adjectives Muy She’s a very nice person MUCH Uncountable nouns Mucho/a I haven’t got much time MANY Countable Nouns Muchos/as Do you have many CD’s? © Juan Manuel Sánchez Garrido 2008

DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES WHO means “quien” and refers to people WHICH means “que” and refers to things THAT WHERE means “ donde” and refers to places WHEN WHOSE

You will learn that sometimes they can be ommited Did you know the girl WHO/THAT came to the party yesterday? The book WHICH/THAT I’m reading is very interesting. I will never forget the day + I met my best friend that day I’ll never forget the day (WHEN/THAT) I met my This is the hotel + We are staying at the hotel next weekend: This is the hotel WHERE we are staying next weekend. The city is interesting + my sister is living in the city: The city WHERE my sister is living is interesting. You will learn that sometimes they can be ommited

DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES They give essential information about people, things or places in the main clause This is the CD which everyone is talking about. I hate people who never listen She is living in the house where I was born This is the book which I gave you

Write who/that/which in the blanks. a. I met a woman who can speak six languages. b. What’s the name of the man _____________ lives next door? c. What’s the name of the river _____________ goes through the town? d. Everybody _____________ went to the party enjoyed it very much. e. Do you know anybody _____________ wants to buy a car? f. Where is the picture _____________ was on the wall? g. She always asks me questions _____________ are difficult to answer. h. I have a friend _____________ is very good at repairing cars. i. A coffee-maker is a machine _____________ makes coffee. j. I don’t like people _____________ never stop talking. k. Have you seen the money _____________ was on the table? l. Why does he always wear clothes _____________ are too small for him? WHO WHICH WHO WHO WHICH WHICH WHO WHICH WHO WHICH WHICH

b. She spoke to the man. He was standing next to her. Join the sentences using who or which. a. We chose the hotel. It seemed to be the nicest. We chose the hotel which seemed to be the nicest. b. She spoke to the man. He was standing next to her. She spoke to the man WHO was standing next to her c. I read the letters. They came in the morning post. I read the letters WHICH came in the morning post d. He likes the other people. They work in his office. He likes the other people WHO work in his office e. She’s that singer. She was on television last night. She’s that singer WHO was on television last night f. Next week there is a festival. It happens in the village every summer. Next week there is a festival WHICH happens in the village every summer. g. I paid the bills. They came yesterday. I paid the bills WHICH came yesterday

9. Complete the conversation by putting who or which into the gaps. Carol: Did you watch that programme last night? David: Which one? Carol: The programme which I mentioned a couple of days ago. It’s new series __________ started last night. David: No, I didn’t see it. Was it good? Carol: Yes. It was about a group of friends __________ were at school together. Well, Rupert ... David: Who was Rupert? Carol: He was an old student of the school __________ had become a doctor. He went to a party __________ his old teachers organised. He met a lot of people __________ had been at school with him many years before. They talked about the things __________ they did when they were at school. Then suddenly, Rupert saw an old girl-friend __________ was dancing with John ... David: Don’t tell me any more. It’s getting too complicated! WHICH WHO WHICH WHICH WHO WHICH WHO

- “Peter is the student”+ “He comes from Glasgow”: “Peter is the student WHO comes from Glasgow”. - “The books are on the table” + “They are mine”: “The books WHICH are on the table are mine”. - “I’ve just met Tom” + “Tom seems to be a nice guy”: “I’ve just met Tom, WHO seems to be a nice guy” “I’d love to visit London”+ “It is a beautiful city”: “I’d love to visit London, WHICH is a beatiful city”