Do now! Task: Go through your exam papers, with a different coloured pen attempt to make the necessary corrections. Do not ask me! Use your book or someone on your table. Team PE

The immediate, short and long term effects of exercise.

Describe the terms immediate, short and long term effects of exercise. Explain why immediate, short and long term effects of exercise occur Assess the impact of long term exercise for a variety of elite athletes. Last Lesson The Recovery Process Today’s Lesson Immediate, short and long term effects of exercise Next Lesson First, Second and Third Class Levers

Using key words to clearly explain the immediate, short and long term effects of exercise. Suggestions as to how these effects may improve performance An analysis of a training programme and the effects this would have.

Around the room there are 3 tables with information and questions. You are to obtain the information about the immediate, short and long term effects of exercise. You write up and answer any questions that are on the table. This work needs to be completed to a high standard and kept neat. Describe the terms immediate, short and long term effects of exercise. (2-4)

The immediate effects of exercise When we begin to exercise, the body has to supply extra oxygen to the working muscles. In order to do that several changes will take place in the body. Heart rate will increase from between 70-80 beats per minute to between 100-150 beats per minute. Stoke volume will increase. Breathing rate will increase as well as the depth of breathing. Body temperature will increase, this is because muscles are contracting more often and generating heat. In order to cool the body it begins to sweat to lose heat. The skin goes red as blood vessels near the skin’s surface open to lose heat by radiation.

During exercise, heart rate and stroke volume will increase During exercise, heart rate and stroke volume will increase. What are the reasons why will this increase occur? During exercise, breathing rate and depth of breathing will increase. Why will this increase occur? Within this answer can you include: Gaseous exchange Tidal Volume

The short term effects of exercise 24-36hrs after Tiredness and fatigue (Muscles can become swollen with fluid which leave them feeling heavy. This usually passes within a day or two.) Light headedness ( This is often caused by low blood sugar or a drop in blood pressure. Likely to occur after sweating heavily) Nausea (sick feeling) Cramp is a painful involuntary muscle contraction typically caused by strain of the muscle. Often linked to dehydration and loss of minerals due to sweating. Pain and stiffness after exercise is called the delayed onset of muscle soreness (DOMS)

In order to prevent DOMS what recovery methods could be used? Light headedness and cramp are often causes by excessive sweating. How could these effects be avoided?

DOMS Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness: Caused by eccentric muscle contractions performed during exercise. This causes tiny tears in muscle fibres leading to swelling. The muscles repair stronger - benefit of training. Usually the muscles adapt rapidly to prevent muscle damage (and the soreness) if the exercise is repeated.

Long term effects of exercise (6 months and years) Body Shape Body shape can change either by losing weight (by fat stores being used to supply glucose for energy) OR If the exercise is mainly anaerobic, the muscles involved will increase in size = Hypertrophy.

Long term effects of exercise (6 months to years) Components of Fitness will improve Muscle strength and speed – mainly from anaerobic exercise Muscular endurance – regular exercises that are repeated CV endurance/stamina – through aerobic exercise Flexibility or suppleness as joints – through repeated action at the joint and strengthening of the tendons and ligaments.

Long term effects of exercise (6 months to years) Hypertrophy of the heart The heart is a muscle Long term training plan = heart rate is higher than normal for continued periods of time during exercise. The heart will increase in size which is called heart hypertrophy.

Long term effects of exercise (6 months to years) Hypertrophy of the heart If hypertrophy occurs then it will contract with greater force which means it will pump out more blood with each contraction increasing stroke volume. As a result the performers resting heart rate will decrease known as bradycardia.

Look at the picture of the heart Look at the picture of the heart. Explain what is occurring and offer reasons why this happening. Long term exercise will cause bradycardia. Define bradycardia and explain why this will occur.

Application Using a timeline, describe the immediate, short and long term effects of exercise. Choose one of the athletes on your table. Explain the effects of exercise on the athlete. Case study- look at the 3 athletes on your table, what would the effects of exercise be on these athletes. Justify any differences between athletes.

Timeline of exercise Sport: 6 Months- 1 year Session 1 24-25 hrs

Case Study Immediate Effects Short Term effects Long Term effects Shot Putter Long Distance Runner Rugby Player

Keyword Checklist Keyword Checklist Bradycardia Hypertrophy DOMS Nausea Fatigue Heart rate Bradycardia Hypertrophy DOMS Nausea Fatigue Heart rate

What are 3 immediate effects of exercise Date: 8th December 2017 This weeks questions: What are 3 immediate effects of exercise Why does breathing rate increase during exercise? Name 1 long term effect of exercise and explain how it will improve an athletes performance. This weeks matches: Match 1: The mighty Vale V Cambridge Utd Match 2: Man Utd Man City Match 3: Spurs Sjoke City Point System: Correct Score = 5 points Correct Result = 2 points Correct Answer = 2 points each MWN Predictions: 2-2 4-3 4-0